LCCC ENGLISH DAILY NEWS BULLETIN
April 12/2019

Compiled & Prepared by: Elias Bejjani

The Bulletin's Link on the lccc Site
http://data.eliasbejjaninews.com/eliasnews19/english.april12.19.htm

News Bulletin Achieves Since 2006
Click Here to enter the LCCC Arabic/English news bulletins Achieves since 2006

Bible Quotations For today
You are the salt of the earth, but if the salt has lost its flavor, with what will it be salted? It is then good for nothing, but to be cast out and trodden under the feet of men
Metthew 5/11-20: “Blessed are you when people reproach you, persecute you, and say all kinds of evil against you falsely, for my sake. Rejoice, and be exceedingly glad, for great is your reward in heaven. For that is how they persecuted the prophets who were before you. “You are the salt of the earth, but if the salt has lost its flavor, with what will it be salted? It is then good for nothing, but to be cast out and trodden under the feet of men. You are the light of the world. A city located on a hill can’t be hidden. Neither do you light a lamp, and put it under a measuring basket, but on a stand; and it shines to all who are in the house. Even so, let your light shine before men; that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven. “Don’t think that I came to destroy the law or the prophets. I didn’t come to destroy, but to fulfill. For most certainly, I tell you, until heaven and earth pass away, not even one smallest letter or one tiny pen stroke shall in any way pass away from the law, until all things are accomplished. Whoever, therefore, shall break one of these least commandments, and teach others to do so, shall be called least in the Kingdom of Heaven; but whoever shall do and teach them shall be called great in the Kingdom of Heaven. For I tell you that unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, there is no way you will enter into the Kingdom of Heaven".

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News published on April 11-12/19
Lebanon is an occupied, failed and rogue state
Lebanon According to the USA is a Risky Country To Travel to
U.S. Slaps Sanctions on Lebanese 'Money Laundering' Group
US slaps new sanctions on alleged Hezbollah financier
Lebanese Man Facing Deportation for 2004 Crime Gets Pardon Hearing
Aoun Tells Pavlopoulos Lebanon Won't Join Gas Forum Comprising Israel
Greek President lays wreath on martyrs' monument
Jarrah after cabinet session: Budget to be presented soon to Cabinet
Govt. Postpones Debate on Annulling Free Minutes for Postpaid Cellphone Subscribers
Loyalty to Resistance welcomes endorsement of electricity plan, urges government to finalize budget discussion
Kanaan Holds 'Good' Congress Meetings, Downplays Sanctions Talk
Trilateral Meeting between Foreign Ministers of Lebanon, Greece, Cyprus
Bassil Says Lebanon to Strengthen Oil and Gas Cooperation with Cyprus
Hariri Receives Cypriot Foreign Minister
Hariri Says 'Unlike Other Countries', Lebanon Taking Measures 'before Crisis'
Samy Gemayel Says Power Plan Violates Principle of Public Accountability
Hankache Calls on Government Not to Approve Telecom Tariff Hikes
Trump's Golan Move Causes Concern in Lebanon for Land Owners
Hassan Says Germanos' Lawsuit against ISF ‘Big Mistake’
Khalil: Three Budget Priorities to Achieve Goal
Senate Confirms John Abizaid as US Ambassador to Saudi Arabia
The American Mideast Coalition for Democracy Applauds Designation of IRGC as Terror Organization

Titles For The Latest English LCCC Miscellaneous Reports And News published on April 11-12/19
Sudan Army Topples Veteran Leader Bashir, Protesters Vow More Demos
Sudan’s military removes, arrests President al-Bashir
Netanyahu Looks to Form Right-Wing Govt. after Vote Win
Lieberman Demands ‘Liquidation of Hamas’ to Support Netanyahu in Government Formation
Libya: Army Controls Militias’ Camps Near Tripol
Cairo Denies Syrian Accusations on Banning Iranian Oil Tanker Passage
Iraqi Troops Destroy ISIS Media Center in Hamreen
UK Sanctions 349 Syrian Entities, Individuals
Egyptian Security Forces Kill 11 Militants in Sinai
Assange Arrested in London on U.S. Extradition Request
World's Biggest Election Tests Modi's Grip on Power in India
Modi swept to power in 2014 with the biggest landslide in 30 years.
Italy Warns of Libya Humanitarian, Migration Emergency
Canada alarmed by Russia’s objection to banning Novichoks under Chemical Weapons Convention

Titles For The Latest LCCC English analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources published on April 11-12/19

Lebanon is an occupied, failed and rogue state/Elias Bejjani.April 10/19
Lebanon According to the USA is a Risky Country To Travel to/U.S. Department of State Announces Updates to Safety and Security Messaging for U.S. Travelers/US Department/April 11/19
The American Mideast Coalition for Democracy Applauds Designation of IRGC as Terror Organization//EINPresswire.com/April 11/2019
NY Cleric Muhammad Ibn Muneer: Muslims Should Hate Non-Muslims, Can Only Maintain Relations With Them To Call Them To Islam/MEMRI/April 11/19
Reactions In Iran To U.S. Designation Of IRGC As Terror Organization/MEMRI/April 11/19
Is Iran Winning in Yemen?/Soeren Kern/Gatestone Institute/April 11/19
Why Do Qatar, Turkey Defend the Revolutionary Guards/Salman Al-dossary/Asharq Al Awsat/April 11/19
How Populists Can Ruin a Global Recovery/Ferdinando Giugliano/Bloomberg View/April 11/19
Trump Offers Clarity on Iran’s Terrorist Aims/Eli Lake/Bloomberg View/April 11/19
The Awful Country That Everyone Wants to Move To/Justin Fox/Asharq Al Awsat/April 11/19
Russian Permanent Representative to the United Nations Vasily Nebenzya: Iran and Turkey Will Leave Syria, Russia’s UN Ambassador Tells Asharq Al-Awsat/Ali Barada/ Asharq Al-Awsat/April/11/19
 

What next for Sudan/Faisal J. Abbas/Arab News/April 12/19

The Latest English LCCC Lebanese & Lebanese Related News published on April 11-12/19
Lebanon is an occupied, failed and rogue state
Elias Bejjani.April 10/19
The option of pursuing the declaration of the United Nations Lebanon as an occupied failed, and rogue state that is unable to govern itself should be on the table by the free and sovereign Lebanese in case  the status quo remains unchanged or deteriorates more.

Lebanon According to the USA is a Risky Country To Travel to
لبنان على اللائحة الأميركية المحدثة للدول التي يواجه الاميركيون فيها خطر الخطف! وهذا الصيف السياحة ستكون مزدهرة
https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2019/04/291021.htm
U.S. Department of State Announces Updates to Safety and Security Messaging for U.S. Travelers
Media Note
Office of the Spokesperson
Washington, DC
April 9, 2019
On April 9, 2019, the Department of State introduced a new risk indicator to our public Travel Advisories in order to communicate more clearly to U.S. citizens the risks of kidnapping and hostage taking by criminal and terrorist actors around the world. The new “K” indicator is part of our ongoing commitment to provide clear and comprehensive travel safety information to U.S. citizens so they can make informed travel decisions.
The Department issues Travel Advisories for every country around the world, offering standardized levels of advice based on established risk indicators such as crime, terrorism, civil unrest, natural disasters, health, and other potential risks. The Travel Advisories for 35 countries have been updated to include a “K” indicator for the risk of kidnapping and/or hostage taking: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Haiti, Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Mexico, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russian Federation, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine (in Russian-controlled eastern Ukraine), Venezuela, and Yemen. See the full Travel Advisories for more details: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories.html.
The U.S. Department of State has no greater responsibility than the safety and welfare of Americans overseas. The Bureau of Consular Affairs works closely with the Office of the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs and the entire U.S. interagency to serve and protect Americans overseas and to prevent and resolve cases of kidnapping and hostage taking. We will continue to update our public information as part of our ongoing commitment to serve U.S. citizens as they travel abroad.
For press inquiries, please contact CAPRESSREQUESTS@state.gov.

U.S. Slaps Sanctions on Lebanese 'Money Laundering' Group
Agence France Presse/Naharnet/April 11/19/U.S. officials on Thursday announced that Washington has sanctioned a Lebanese network accused of laundering millions of dollars for "drug kingpins" and helping finance Hizbullah, the Iran-backed Shiite movement that Washington labels a "terrorist organization."The U.S. Treasury Department said it has added Lebanese national Kassem Chams to its blacklist, along with two related entities: the "Chams Money Laundering Organization" and Chams Exchange, a money service business in Lebanon. "Kassem Chams and his international money laundering network move tens of millions of dollars a month in illicit narcotics proceeds on behalf of drug kingpins and facilitate money movements for Hizbullah," Treasury said in a statement. The Chams network moves money to and from multiple countries including Australia, Brazil, Colombia, France, Italy, Lebanon, the Netherlands, Spain, the United States and Venezuela, according to the department. The sanctions are part of the administration's "unprecedented campaign to prevent Hizbullah and its global terror affiliates from profiting off violence, corruption, and the drug trade," Treasury under secretary Sigal Mandelker said. The department's Office of Foreign Assets Control said Chams Exchange operates under license and supervision of the Central Bank of Lebanon (BdL) "despite U.S. authorities long suspecting it" of significant money laundering. Treasury said it remains committed to working with BdL "to eliminate access to the Lebanese financial system by narcotics traffickers, money launderers, and terrorist groups such as Hizbullah."President Donald Trump's administration has accused Iran of taking provocative measures to destabilize the Middle East. It has increased sanctions on the Islamic republic in order to undercut its revenues and to financially squeeze regional allies like the Lebanese Hizbullah. Earlier this week Washington designated Iran's elite Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organization.

US slaps new sanctions on alleged Hezbollah financier
Georgi Azar/Annahar Staff/April 11/19 /It accused Chams and his organizations as an affiliate network of Hezbollah
BEIRUT: The US Treasury Department has slapped sanctions against a Lebanese currency exchange and its owner, Kassem Chams, for laundering money for drug cartels and financing the militant group Hezbollah. The US designated Chams and his organizations as an affiliate network of Hezbollah pursuant to the Hezbollah International Financing Prevention Amendments Act, according to a statement released Thursday by the Treasury Department. “Kassem Chams and his international money laundering network move tens of millions of dollars a month in illicit narcotics proceeds on behalf of drug kingpins and facilitate money movements for Hezbollah,” the statement quoted Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Sigal Mandelker as saying.

Lebanese Man Facing Deportation for 2004 Crime Gets Pardon Hearing
Associated Press/Naharnet/April 11/19/An auto shop owner facing deportation to Lebanon for crimes committed 14 years ago asked state officials for a pardon Wednesday, saying he doesn't want to again be torn away from everything he loves. Alain Ata, 34, came to the U.S. with his family at age 10. He spent several years in prison for a pair of burglaries in December 2004, and is seeking a pardon to remain in the country. While Ata's request comes at a time when the Trump administration has been cracking down on illegal immigration, federal immigration officials started deportation proceedings in his case years ago. Ata's lawyer said he essentially has remained on "immigration probation" because Lebanon officials haven't submitted the necessary paperwork yet. Ata told Gov. Chris Sununu and Executive Council on Wednesday that he is an honest man with a good heart who made mistakes in his youth. He owns an auto repair shop in Manchester, takes care of his elderly parents and is engaged to a woman he met in middle school. "I want to start the next chapter in our life but find myself struggling to do so because of the uncertainty which lies ahead. I want to get married and have family of my own, but most of all I don't want to live in fear of having everything taken away from me which I've worked so hard," he told the governor and council. "I hope you see that I am not the teenager who made those foolish mistakes and I hope you give me a second chance." In a letter supporting his request, Ata said he was 18 at the time of the crimes, but prosecutors and his lawyer confirmed that he actually had just turned 20. In one burglary, Ata ransacked a home and stole jewelry, a TV and other valuables, said Rockingham County Patricia Conway. In the other, he directed friends to break into the home of his ex-girlfriend's stepfather. There, they again ransacked the home and smashed photos of Ata's ex-girlfriend, she said. In objecting to the pardon, Conway said he was convicted of assaulting a police officer, disorderly conduct and other crimes before the burglaries, and with causing serious injury in a drunken driving crash after. He also was convicted of threatening the ex-girlfriend and violating a protective order by contacting his daughter, she said. "By petitioning for a pardon, the defendant is essentially asking this council and the governor to ignore all the careful and thoughtful decision making by law enforcement officials and our judiciary, including the police, the county attorney's office, a superior court justice and the New Hampshire Supreme Court," she said. "Moreover, it's the state's position that the victims in criminal cases deserve finality and closure." The council, which did not debate the request or make a decision, also heard from Ata's sister, who broke down in tears as she described her fears that he would be sent back to a "war-torn, poverty-stricken country." "My brother will have zero chance at survival," she said. "Granting my brother a pardon today is like saving him from a death sentence."

Aoun Tells Pavlopoulos Lebanon Won't Join Gas Forum Comprising Israel
Naharnet/April 11/19/President Michel Aoun on Thursday said he told visiting Greek President Prokopis Pavlopoulos that Lebanon will not accept to join any Mediterranean gas consortium comprising Israel. “I thanked the president for his country's stance on Jerusalem and its stance on the Syrian Golan. I also stressed that the U.S. president's decision to recognize Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights and his recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital represented a blatant violation of the foundations of international legitimacy and the U.N. Charter,” Aoun said at a joint press conference. He also warned that Trump's decisions “threaten the sovereignty of Lebanon, which possesses territory occupied by Israel.” As for the thorny issue of Syrian refugees, Aoun said he briefed the Greek leader on the burdens that Lebanon is shouldering as a result of the presence of “more than 1.8 million displaced person in addition to the chronic Palestinian refugee file.”“This requires common responsibility based on quick action aimed at facilitating their return to safe regions in Syria,” the president added. Turning to the issue of maritime gas resources, Aoun said he emphasized “Lebanon's right to extract oil and gas within its Exclusive Economic Zone.”“I underscored our rejection to join any forum or cooperation mechanism comprising Israel, especially the Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum,” the president went on to say. Separately, Aoun said Lebanon is looking forward to the Lebanese-Greek-Cypriot summit that Nicosia will host in order to “strengthen the various aspects of cooperation.”Pavlopoulos for his part acknowledged that Lebanon “shouldered a huge responsibility during the Syrian war” as to hosting hundreds of thousands of displaced people. “We are very grateful over what you are doing,” the Greek president added, noting that “Europe has not been present as needed since the beginning of the crisis in Syria.”Pavlopoulos also held separate talks Thursday with Speaker Nabih Berri and Prime Minister Saad Hariri. He later laid a wreath of flowers at the Martyrs' Monument in downtown Beirut. NNA said that talks will highlight the bilateral relations between Lebanon and Greece and the means to promote them at various levels. The Greek President’s visit comes one day after the Foreign Ministers of Greece, Cyprus and Lebanon agreed to sign agreements on multiple cooperation pacts on tourism, economy, trade and culture. The Presidents of the three countries are to meet at a summit to sign them.

Greek President lays wreath on martyrs' monument
Thu 11 Apr 2019/NNA - Greek President Prokopios Pavlopoulos, on Thursday laid a wreath on the monument of martyrs in Martyrs Square, Downtown Beirut, A ceremony took place on the occasion attended by the Minister of National Defense Elias Bou Saab, the Minister of Justice Minister of Justice, Albert Aziz Serhan, Beirut Governor, Judge Ziad Chbib, and Beirut Municipality Head Jamal Itani. President Pavlopoulos is due to visit Greek Orthodox Metropolitan of Beirut and its Suburbs, Archbishop Elias Audi, at 4:45 pm today.

Jarrah after cabinet session: Budget to be presented soon to Cabinet
Thu 11 Apr 2019/NNA - The President of the Council of Ministers Saad Hariri chaired this afternoon at the Grand Serail the meeting of the Council of Ministers. At the end of the meeting, the Minister of Information Jamal Jarrah said: The Council of Ministers reviewed its agenda and approved most of its items. One or two items were postponed to next week for further study, while the rest of the items were fully approved. All the items are important, but there is nothing exceptional in the financial meaning, except for the transfer of some funds from the reserves to carry on the work of some ministries. The budget will be presented very soon to the Council of Ministers, and we will regularize the financial situation.
Question: When will the budget be discussed?
Jarrah: As soon as possible. Prime Minister Hariri and the minister of finance are putting the final touches on it. There will be meetings soon to discuss it. Question: What about the item regarding telecommunications?
Jarrah: The item related to 60 minutes of communication was postponed for further study, as well as the item related to the numbers distributed to ministries and administration, so they become at the expense of the ministries and administrations and not the ministry of telecommunications.
Question: While we talk about an austerity policy of the government, there is an item raising the minimum monthly compensation and raising the salary of the conservatory employees?
Jarrah: This matter was discussed with utmost responsibility and financial accuracy, but this category of employees did not benefit from any laws that were issued in the past. Therefore, the Council of Ministers took a decision to modify the contract format so there is a minimum level of justice for these employees.
Question: How was the atmosphere?
Jarrah: As usual very good.
Question: Minister May Chidiac said while leaving that the atmosphere was good in appearance, but actually there were tensions?
Jarrah: This is her own feeling. I did not have this feeling.

Govt. Postpones Debate on Annulling Free Minutes for Postpaid Cellphone Subscribers
Naharnet/April 11/19/The Council of Ministers on Thursday failed to reach an agreement over a recommendation by the telecom minister to annul a 2014 decision granting postpaid cellphone subscribers 60 minutes free of charge. Information Minister Jamal al-Jarrah told reporters that the issue was postponed for further assessment. Asked when the government will discuss the 2019 state budget, Jarrah said Prime Minister Saad Hariri and Finance Minister Ali Hassan Khalil are putting the “final touches” on it and that it would be discussed as soon as possible.

Loyalty to Resistance welcomes endorsement of electricity plan, urges government to finalize budget discussion
Thu 11 Apr 2019/NNA - The "Loyalty to the Resistance" parliamentary bloc on Thursday welcomed the fresh endorsement of the electricity plan, calling all sides to cooperate to assure its success. "The ratification of the electricity plan is a major achievement and there must be follow-up on its implementation to reach the sought goal," the bloc said in a statement following its weekly meeting, read out to reporters by MP Ihab Hamade. Moreover, the bloc urged the government to speed up the discussion of the state budget draft, and to forward it to the Parliament for endorsement, once finalized. The bloc also highlighted the obligation to pay the due sums to municipalities. On a different note, the bloc accused the US administration of tyranny after naming Iran's Revolutionary Guard a terrorist organization.

Kanaan Holds 'Good' Congress Meetings, Downplays Sanctions Talk
Naharnet/April 11/19/MP Ibrahim Kanaan, the head of the Lebanese finance parliamentary committee, announced Wednesday that he held “good and constructive” talks with U.S. officials. “Building the state and its institutions is what leads to political stability and not sanctions,” Kanaan told MTV after meeting U.S. lawmaker Eliot Engel at the U.S. Congress. “The Lebanese delegation’s approach is strong,” he added. “We sensed in Washington that the talk about sanctions against certain Lebanese officials is mere analysis and aimed at bickering,” the Lebanese lawmaker went on to say. He added that the Lebanese delegation’s meetings offered “an opportunity to explain the Lebanese stance and the importance of stability as an international interest.”

Trilateral Meeting between Foreign Ministers of Lebanon, Greece, Cyprus
Naharnet/April 10/19/A trilateral meeting was held on Wednesday at Lebanon’s foreign ministry between Foreign Ministers of Lebanon, Greece and Cyprus. Foreign Minister Jebran Bassil met with his Cypriot counterpart Nikos Christodoulides and Greek minister Giorgos Katrougalos where discussions focused on “laying the foundation for improving cooperation in the sectors of tourism, education, economy, trade and energy.” A joint press conference was held after the meeting during which Bassil said an agreement was reached between the three in said sectors. Bassil said that the “international community must shoulder its responsibilities regarding the displaced people crisis. Lebanon cannot afford the solution alone. We have heard a very advanced stance from Cyprus and Greece on the subject of the displaced,” he said. He said both Ministers, of Cyprus and Greece, have “vowed to work at the European level to resolve this matter. Efforts must be exerted for their safe a definite return to their country. “For his part, Cypriot Minister said: “Joint cooperation is necessary in order to lay the fundamentals that enhance ties between Cyprus, Greece and Lebanon. Our main concern is to enhance communication and dialogue in the Mediterranean region.”The Greek Minister said: “Today is a historic visit where discussions focused actively working for development. Our main concern is to strengthen the process of communication and dialogue in the region.”

Bassil Says Lebanon to Strengthen Oil and Gas Cooperation with Cyprus

Agence France Presse/Naharnet/April 11/19/The top diplomats of Lebanon and neighboring island nation Cyprus said Thursday they were working together towards a deal over adjacent oil and gas exploration zones in the Mediterranean. Both countries hope to exploit resources on either side of their shared maritime border, and Lebanon this month opened tenders for three of its four blocks along that frontier. Foreign Minister Jebran Bassil said "an oil and gas deal" was in the works. "We agreed to... set a first date on May 7 to compare points of agreement and any points of contention," he said at a press conference in Beirut with his visiting Cypriot counterpart. "The second stage will be in June with a summit for a finer evaluation," Bassil added. "We will try in September to have finished a sharing agreement over the issue of oil so that it can be the start of talks for a deal between both governments," he said. That deal would be "on borders... and all installations that can be shared to transport and export all that is related to oil and gas," he said. An exploratory well is expected to start work on the Cypriot side of the border next year, making the bilateral deal pressing, he said. Cyprus Foreign Minister Nikos Christodoulides said the deal would reassure companies wishing to invest in the region. "We agreed to initiate discussions on a bilateral framework agreement concerning the development (of) hydrocarbons resources which cross the median line between our exclusive economic zones," said the minister of Greek Cyprus. Such an agreement would provide "the much-needed legal certainty for international companies wishing to invest in the region's huge hydrocarbons potential," he said. Cyprus has discovered two natural gas reserves in its waters, and hopes to begin exporting gas -- and maybe oil -- by 2022. Turkey, which backs a breakaway proto-state in the northern third of the island, has claimed it also has rights to energy exploration off the coast of the divided island. Last year, Lebanon signed its first contract to drill for oil and gas off its coast. A consortium comprising energy giants Total, ENI and Novatek took the first two of its ten blocks, including one disputed by neighboring Israel, with which Lebanon has fought several wars. On April 5, Lebanon invited international consortia of at least three companies to bid for five more blocks by the end of January 2020. Two more of the blocks now up for tender are also adjacent to Israel's waters.

Hariri Receives Cypriot Foreign Minister

Prime Minister Saad Hariri received on Thursday at the Grand Serail the Cypriot Foreign Minister Nikos Christodoulides, in the presence of former Minister Ghattas Khoury, the Premier’s office said . After the meeting, Minister Christodoulides said: “Let me start by saying that it is always a great pleasure to visit Lebanon. I think we are very close, not only at the level of our governments but also of our peoples.”“I had an excellent exchange of views with the Prime Minister and we discussed energy development in our region and how the two countries can work together in order to promote our common interests, for the benefit of our peoples,” added the Minister. “We also exchanged views on how to enhance even more our bilateral relations and I conveyed to the Prime Minister an invitation from the President of Cyprus to visit Cyprus as soon as possible,” he concluded.

Hariri Says 'Unlike Other Countries', Lebanon Taking Measures 'before Crisis'

Naharnet/April 11/19/Prime Minister Saad Hariri announced Thursday that “the best decision we have taken in Lebanon is carrying out steps to address the deficit and austerity measures before the eruption of the crisis.”
“Other countries were obliged to take tougher, severer and more painful measures because they waited for the crisis to happen before beginning reforms,” Hariri said at the beginning of an ordinary Cabinet session at the Grand Serail. “We should be able to manage the steps in a manner that protects the economy and citizens,” he added. “Our situation in Lebanon remains reassuring and confidence in our economy, financial and monetary stability and the future of growth remains in place as long as we take the necessary measures,” Hariri pointed out. Addressing the components of his government, the premier added: “This is a responsibility that falls on us all in Cabinet and parliament, and its basis is consensus among all political forces represented in the government over the measures that will be included in the state budget and on their proper implementation.”Hariri also highlighted the “positivity” that the electricity plan's approval has created in financial and monetary markets and on “the confidence of investors in the future of the Lebanese economy.” “It was the first sign of the government's seriousness about lowering budget deficit, fighting the waste of public money and implementing what we committed to at the CEDRE conference,” the PM went on to say.

Samy Gemayel Says Power Plan Violates Principle of Public Accountability
Kataeb.org/Thursday 11th April 2019/Kataeb leader Samy Gemayel on Thursday criticized the power plan that was approved by the government earlier this week, saying that it encloses a blatant violation of the concept of accountability and the basic tendering rules. "The way the Tenders Department was included in the plan is nothing but a major illusion," Gemayel said following a meeting with a delegation from the Progressive Socialist Party at the Kataeb's headquarter in Saifi. "The Energy Ministry will be the one setting out the tender conditions and reviewing the bids. The Tenders Department's role would be only to host this process," he noted. "We must remain watchful and pay close attention to everything that happens with regard to this file, because we will stay unsure of this plan's transparency as long as no EDL administration board and a regulatory body are appointed, and the laws on accountability as well as the partnership between the private and public sectors are not respected." "We fear what is going to happen and hope that things would be straightened out during the upcoming Parliament session scheduled on Wednesday," he said. Gemayel warned of the price that the country will have to pay for the many failures being witnessed and the illusory victories that are being proclaimed. "Ensuring a 24-hour power supply is the easiest thing that any country in the world can achieve. In Lebanon, we speak about this issue as if we are discussing the launch of a rocket into space," he said. "The question that needs to be answered today is the following: How are we going to get a non-stop power supply? What will be the price for that?" Gemayel was speaking following a meeting with a PSP delegation that included former Minister Marwan Hamadeh, MPs Hadi Abu Al-Hassan and Faysal Sayegh, PSP's Secretary-General Zafer Nasser, MP Taymour Jumblat's advisor Hussam Harb and economic expert Mohamad Basbous. Talks focused on the economic plans put forth by the Kataeb party and PSP, with both sides agreeing to maintain contacts in order to foster coordination on common viewpoints. The meeting was also attended by MP Elias Hankache, former MP Fady Al-Haber, Kataeb's Secretary Nazar Najarian, head of the Economic and Social Council Jean Tawile and the Kataeb leader's adviser Lara Saade.

Hankache Calls on Government Not to Approve Telecom Tariff Hikes
Kataeb.org/Thursday 11th April 2019/Kataeb MP Elias Hankache on Thursday urged the government not to approve the telecommunications minister's proposal to increase the tariffs of mobile services. “Austere policies consist of a strict budget for ministries’ spending, travels of delegations, and other expenditures. Revenues are boosted by controlling squandering, and ending customs and tax evasion," Hankache wrote on Twitter. "Let's not put our hands in people’s pockets which can no longer tolerate any hikes!"

Trump's Golan Move Causes Concern in Lebanon for Land Owners
Associated Press/Naharnet/April 11/19/Akram Kanaan looked toward an Israeli military position on a snow-capped mountain that overlooks the village of Shebaa in southern Lebanon, pointing toward the scenic area captured by Israel more than five decades ago. No matter how long it takes, he says, it will eventually return to Lebanon's sovereignty. Like many others in this area where the borders of Lebanon, Syria and Israel meet, Kanaan — a member of Shebaa's municipal council — is angry about President Donald Trump's decision to recognize Israel's sovereignty over the occupied Golan Heights, seized from Syria in 1967 and annexed in 1981. The American president has no right to give Israel lands that belong to Syria and Lebanon, he says. "These are Arab territories that will be liberated sooner or later the way the south was liberated," said Kanaan standing near Shebaa's main school as its buses left the compound at the end of a school day. Trump's move last month has caused concern among Lebanese officials that it would mean also recognizing the occupied Shebaa Farms and nearby Kfar Chouba hills, captured along with the Golan, as Israeli territory. Lebanese President Michel Aoun said the U.S. recognition undermines Lebanon's claim to the territory. The origin of the dispute over ownership of the Shebaa farms dates back to the French colonial period, when France drew maps of the area without officially demarcating the border. Following an 18-year occupation, Israel withdrew from south Lebanon in 2000, but held on to the farms. Hezbollah claimed the withdrawal to be incomplete and demanded, along with the Lebanese government, that Israel withdraws. Israel rejected the demands, saying the land was Syrian when it was captured in 1967. Syria has held an ambiguous position and generally refuses to demarcate the border before Israel withdraws from the Golan. The U.N., which doesn't recognize Israel's sovereignty over the Golan, has said Lebanon's claim is to be settled along with the Golan's fate. The territory is controversial, even among Lebanese themselves. Although most Lebanese agree that the Chebaa Farms and Kfar Chouba hills are part of their country, anti-Syrian politicians have suggested it serves as a pretext for Hezbollah to hang on to its weapons and have called for the demarcation of the Lebanon-Syria border, a demand repeated by Prime Minister Saad Hariri on Wednesday even as he said the territory is Lebanese. Politicians allied with the Syrian government say there is no need for such demarcation. The area this week looked more like a tourist attraction, albeit deserted, rather than a front line, with rivers and springs flowing, birds chirping and shepherds leading their herds in the mostly green area amid clear weather. According to Kanaan, the total size of the Lebanese area still occupied by Israel since June 1967 is about 250 square kilometers (96 square miles) or about 2.5% of Lebanon's total territories.
Kanaan says the occupied area is owned by Lebanese citizens and that many of them have documents proving their ownership registered in the Lebanese coastal city of Sidon, the provincial capital of south Lebanon.
Arab countries have unanimously rejected the U.S. recognition of Israeli control over the Golan, calling the Trump administration's policies unfairly biased toward Israel. On the edge of Chebaa, shepherds were seen taking their herds of sheep and goats near a fence built by Israel. About every 100 meters (109 yards) white and blue barrels marked the so-called blue line, or the border that the U.N. drew after Israel's withdrawal in 2000. The area has been calm since August 2006 after a U.N. Security Council resolution ended a 34-day war between Israel and Lebanon's Hezbollah group.
Soldiers at Lebanese army checkpoints on roads leading to Chebaa and Kfar Chouba checked the identity cards of people visiting the area to make sure no strangers enter. White U.N. vehicles with light blue flags could be seen along the fence that marks the border.
Near al-Naqar lake, three U.N. peacekeepers stood outside their armored personnel carrier keeping an eye on any suspicious move. Next to them stood a giant poster with a picture of late Egyptian President Gamal Abdul-Nasser and one of his famous quotes that reads: "What was taken by force can only be regained by force." Andrea Tenenti, spokesperson for the U.N. force in southern Lebanon known as UNIFIL, said the issue of Chebaa is one that is "discussed in New York at U.N. headquarters and not part of our mandate. Nevertheless, the position of member states is not necessarily the position of the United Nations," Tenenti said when asked about Trump's decision. "Nothing has changed, and we are continuing with our work in the south of Lebanon, to monitor the cessation of hostilities and to work closely with the Lebanese army," he said. In nearby Kfar Chouba, shops were open in its main square where a group of people gathered at the main bakery, while others bought freshly picked vegetables and fruits. "With deep regret, this guy who is called Trump who is the president of the United States of America, the most important country in the world, is acting like a thug," said grocer Riad Khalifeh who was 23 when Israeli forces captured the hills overlooking his hometown of Kfar Chouba in 1967. "Who gave you the right to give a land that belongs to me or to Palestine or to Syria to an enemy that is occupying it?" Khalifeh asked.

Hassan Says Germanos' Lawsuit against ISF ‘Big Mistake’

Naharnet/April 11/19/Interior Minister Raya al-Hasan criticized the lawsuit filed by Military Prosecutor Peter Germanos against the Information Branch of the Internal Security Forces, describing it as a “big mistake,” al-Joumhouria daily reported on Thursday. “From his position as son of the state, how could he file a lawsuit against the Information Branch of the ISF?” Hassan wondered, adding “It is one big mistake.”Hassan assured that she backs the Information Branch, “let everyone know, I will stand behind the Information Branch until the end. I will not accept any offensive manner against it,” she said, adding that she has no knowledge of the factors underlying Germanos’ decision. Germanos filed a lawsuit accusing the Information Branch of "disobeying his orders, distorting investigations, and holding suspects beyond the legal detention period.”

Khalil: Three Budget Priorities to Achieve Goal

Naharnet/April 11/19/Finance Minister Ali Hassan Khalil affirms “perseverance to follow an approach that develops a balanced and reformative budget that includes reduced figures for the deficit we suffer,” al-Joumhouria daily reported on Thursday. The state budget includes 11 reformative items that met the approval of Lebanon’s various political parties and therefore is unlikely to draw controversy, said the daily. A debate on the budget, based on reducing the deficit, took place between ministers of the Strong Lebanon bloc and the Minister of Finance on the one hand, and between President Michel Aoun, Khalil and Foreign Minister Jebran Bassil on the other, said the daily. Khalil stressed that all efforts focus on approving the budget, pointing out to “three priorities” that must be addressed in order to achieve the desired purpose: “First, the electricity deficit ( $ 2 billion a year, a gradual reduction from now until 2020). Second, random hiring in state institutions. Third, the public debt service,” he said. Lebanon’s 2019 state budget has still not been passed although the government was formed at the end of January. The government is expected to discuss the budget and approve it before passing it to Parliament for endorsement. The government is scheduled to meet on Thursday afternoon at the Grand Serail to discuss several items listed on its agenda after an earlier session on Monday that saw the approval of a long awaited electricity plan.

Senate Confirms John Abizaid as US Ambassador to Saudi Arabia
Washington - Muath al-Amri/Asharq Al-Awsat/Thursday, 11 April, 2019/ The US Senate voted on Wednesday overwhelmingly after a month of deliberations to confirm retired General John Abizaid as the US ambassador to Saudi Arabia, filling a vital position vacant since President Donald Trump took office more than two years ago. Abizaid was nominated for the position in November 2018. But the Senate began deliberations on the nomination in February when he succeeded in diplomatically maneuvering against the questions of Congressmen at his confirmation hearing. He said it would be a “great honor” to work on strengthening the relationship between the US and Saudi Arabia. He added that Saudi Arabia's contribution to tackling extremism had effectively cut off funding networks for ISIS. At the hearing, Abizaid was able to safely overcome all obstacles, leading to his nomination on Wednesday. Abizaid is a fluent Arabic speaker of Lebanese descent. He was the longest-serving commander of US Central Command, holding that post from 2003 until he retired in 2007.

The American Mideast Coalition for Democracy Applauds Designation of IRGC as Terror Organization
WASHINGTON, DC, USA, April 9, 2019 /EINPresswire.com/ -- The American Mideast Coalition for Democracy applauds US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo for taking the courageous step of designating Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a terrorist organization – a move AMCD had lobbied for over the past two years.
"It is well known the IRGC arms and funds other terrorist organizations, such as Hamas and Hezbollah," said AMCD Co-Chair, Tom Harb. "They are also involved in assassinations, cyber-attacks, drug running, helping terrorists develop missile technology as well as providing missiles directly to Hezbollah. There is no doubt the IRGC is deeply involved in terrorism."
"They're also directly implicated in killing US soldiers inside Iraq," added AMCD President John Hajjar. "The IRGC supplied thousands of IEDs used to kill and maim Americans for years. It's about time we took action against them."
"The IRGC is intimately involved in the internal oppression of the Iranian people," said AMCD Vice-Chair and Iranian-American, Hossein Khorram. "Over 7,000 people were arrested last year. At least 26 protestors were killed outright and another nine have died in custody. The IRGC monitors and threatens the population to keep the mullahs in power.
"President Trump's designation is correct because unlike all other nations' armed forces, the IRGC was not created to defend the sovereignty of the Iranian nation, but to force the failed Islamic ideology onto the Iranian nation and the surrounding countries," continued Khorram."The fact that the IRGC is being targeted in Syria by Israeli armed forces is yet another testimony to the fact that the IRGC can only operate with terror against civilian populations. Merriam Webster Dictionary defines 'terrorist' as 'a person who uses unlawful violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.' and this definition is a 100% match for the IRGC and what it has done since its inception in 1979. Thanks to President Trump for having the courage and vision to add this long overdue designation to IRGC."
"The internal Islamic police, the Basij, is also an arm of the IRGC," stated AMCD Secretary, Rebecca Bynum. "It is they who round up women for the 'crime' of taking off the hijab. These women are tortured and raped on the orders of the IRGC. Anything we can do to mitigate this horror is welcome news."
Rebecca Bynum
The American Mideast Coalition for Democracy

Latest LCCC English Miscellaneous Reports & News published on April 11-12/19
Sudan Army Topples Veteran Leader Bashir, Protesters Vow More Demos
Naharnet/April 11/19/Sudan's army ousted veteran president Omar al-Bashir Thursday, but protestors against his iron-fisted rule swiftly rejected a "coup" by the military and vowed to keep up their demonstrations.
In a sombre televised address, Defense Minister Awad Ibnouf announced "the toppling of the regime" and said Bashir had been detained in "a secure place", bringing an end to his three-decade rule. A transitional military council will replace the president for two years, he said, adding that the country's borders and airspace would be shut until further notice.But in a warning to protestors, he also imposed a night-time curfew from 10:00pm (2000 GMT) to 4:00 am (0200 GMT). Bashir, who swept to power in a 1989 coup, was one of Africa's longest-serving presidents. He is wanted by the International Criminal Court on charges of genocide and war crimes. But organizers of the protests, which first erupted in December, rejected the army's move and vowed to keep up their campaign until the whole regime was swept aside. "The people do not want a transitional military council," said Alaa Salah, who became an icon of the protest movement after a video of her leading demonstrators' chants outside army headquarters went viral. "Change will not happen with Bashir's entire regime hoodwinking Sudanese civilians through a military coup," she tweeted. "We want a civilian council to head the transition."The protestors' Alliance for Freedom and Change said the regime had "conducted a military coup by bringing back the same faces and the same institutions which our people rose against."It urged people "to continue their sit-in in front of army headquarters and across all regions and in the streets."
'We're not leaving'
Since early Thursday morning, huge crowds of jubilant Sudanese had filled squares across the center of Khartoum as the army promised an "important announcement."Chanting "the regime has fallen," they poured into the open ground outside army headquarters, where defiant protesters had braved tear gas and gunfire to keep up an unprecedented sit-in, now in its sixth day. But the festive mood later soured, as protestors chanted: "We don't want Ibnouf!" "We are not leaving, we are not leaving. Just fall and that's all," they shouted. The opposition Sudanese Congress Party called on the military council to dissolve itself and form "a joint military and civilian council to run the government for a four-year transition term."It also urged the army to give executive powers to civilians. Adel, a protestor outside army headquarters, said Thursday's announcement meant "we have not achieved anything.""We will not stop our revolution. We are calling for the regime to step down, not only Bashir," he said. Army vehicles carrying troops were seen deploying across the center of Khartoum from early Thursday. Troops raided the offices of the Islamic Movement, the ideological wing of Bashir's ruling National Congress Party, witnesses told AFP. Martial music was played on state television as soldiers ordered the TV to halt its normal programming ahead of Ibnouf's announcement. Outside army headquarters, dozens of joyful protesters early Thursday climbed on top of landcruisers and armored vehicles that had been posted to protect them from intervention by other branches of the security forces.Braving the searing 42 degree Celsius (108 degree Fahrenheit) heat, they hugged and kissed soldiers in the crowd.
Prisoner release
The military council said it was declaring a ceasefire across the country, including in war-torn Darfur. Meanwhile, Sudan's feared intelligence service said it was freeing all the country's political prisoners, state media reported. "The National Intelligence and Security Service has announced it is releasing all political detainees across the country," the official SUNA news agency said. But in the eastern cities of Kasala and Port Sudan, the releases failed to materialize, prompting protesters to storm NISS buildings, witnesses said. That came despite protest organizers urging demonstrators to refrain from attacking government figures or buildings. Demonstrators have spent five nights defiantly camped outside the sprawling army headquarters complex in Khartoum, which also houses Bashir's official residence and the defence ministry. "We had enough of this regime -- 30 years of repression, corruption, rights abuses, it's enough," said one protester at the sit-in. The demonstrators have braved repeated volleys of tear gas from NISS members since they began camping outside the complex on Saturday, protest organizers say. Officials say 49 people have died in protest-related violence since the demonstrations first erupted in December. Neighbouring Egypt, where President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi came to power in similar circumstances, said Thursday it supported the Sudanese people and the army in their political transition.

Sudan’s military removes, arrests President al-Bashir
Associated Press/Naharnet/April 11/19/The protests that erupted in December have been the biggest challenge to his rule.
CAIRO: Sudan’s military arrested President Omar al-Bashir, ousting him from power in the wake of escalating protests against his 30-year rule, the defense minister announced Thursday. He said the military will rule the country for the next two years with an emergency clampdown.
The military control risks enflaming protesters. Tens of thousands of Sudanese converged throughout the day at the protest movement’s main sit-in outside the military’s General Command Headquarters, cheering, singing and dancing after word emerged in the morning that al-Bashir would be removed.
But the announcement that finally came appeared to confirm the fears of many protesters that the military would shrug off demands for a civilian transition.Defense Minister Awad Mohammed Ibn Ouf appeared on state TV in military fatigues and announced that the military has removed and arrested al-Bashir. He said a military council decided on by the army, intelligence agencies and security apparatus will rule for two years, after which “free and fair elections” will take place.
Sudanese officials say army forced president to step down
He also announced that the military also suspended the constitution, dissolved the government, declared a state of emergency for three months, closed the country’s borders and airspace and imposed a night curfew for one month. Earlier in the day, protests leaders had said they were in talks with the military over a transition and said they would not accept a military coup, vowing to continue their sit-in and rallies unless a civilian body controlled the transition. Al-Bashir came to power in a 1989 coup, leading an alliance of the military and Islamist hard-liners. Over the course of his rule, he was forced to allow the separation of South Sudan and became a pariah in many countries, wanted by the international war crimes tribunal for atrocities in Darfur. The protests that erupted in December have been the biggest challenge to his rule. Security forces responded from the start with a fierce crackdown that killed dozens. Al-Bashir banned unauthorized public gatherings and granted sweeping powers to the police since imposing a state of emergency in February. Security forces have used tear gas, rubber bullets, live ammunition and batons against demonstrators.

Netanyahu Looks to Form Right-Wing Govt. after Vote Win
Agence France Presse/Naharnet/April 11/19/Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu sought to form a right-wing governing coalition on Thursday after securing victory in a high-stakes Israeli election despite a strong challenge from a centrist alliance. The results from Tuesday's vote came despite corruption allegations against the 69-year-old premier and kept him on course to become Israel's longest-serving prime minister later this year. The allegations are likely to play an important role in coalition negotiations as many analysts expect Netanyahu to demand pledges from potential partners to agree to remain in his government if he is indicted.Netanyahu will rely in part on politicians of the nationalist right opposed to a Palestinian state to put together his government. His current government is already seen as the most right-wing in Israel's history, and his next is expected to be similar if not even further to the right.
Netanyahu himself, in a campaign pledge just three days before polling day, vowed to begin annexing settlements in the occupied West Bank.Applying sovereignty in the West Bank on a large scale could effectively end remaining hopes for a two-state solution with the Palestinians.
Netanyahu's pledge was widely seen as an appeal to the far right, and it appears to have worked. He boosted the number of parliamentary seats for his Likud, while smaller, far-right parties struggled. The Likud said late on Wednesday that Netanyahu "will form a right-wing government and he is already in advanced negotiations with the national camp partners."Netanyahu had no public events scheduled for Thursday apart from one that will likely give him another boost: Israel is expected to land its first spacecraft on the moon late Thursday, and Netanyahu was planning to watch from the control room.
'Advanced negotiations' Throughout the campaign, Netanyahu highlighted his bond with U.S. President Donald Trump, who has swung U.S. policy sharply in Israel's favor and openly backed the prime minister. On Wednesday, Trump said the incumbent's election to a fifth term gives the White House's long-awaited peace plan, expected to be released in the coming weeks, a "better chance." It was not clear what he meant. He also tweeted a picture of a Netanyahu supporter waving a Trump flag and telephoned the premier to offer congratulations. The election was seen as a referendum on the veteran prime minister, who has built a reputation as guarantor of Israel's security and economic growth, but whose divisive right-wing populism and alleged corruption led to calls for change. The results reflected his deft political skills, Israel's shift to the right and wide satisfaction with Netanyahu's achievements, but also the fact that many voters are fed up with him. The centrist Blue and White alliance put together by ex-military chief Benny Gantz will finish with a similar number of seats to the Likud even though it came together less than two months before the polls. Gantz's alliance, which conceded defeat on Wednesday night, however could not peel away enough right-wing votes to unseat Netanyahu. The results showed that the Likud together with other right-wing parties allied to the prime minister would hold around 65 seats in the 120-seat parliament. Final official results are expected to be announced by Friday. They leave President Reuven Rivlin, who must ask one of the candidates to form a government, with little choice but to pick Netanyahu following consultations with party heads next week.Intensive coalition negotiations could drag on for days or even weeks.
'Make life bitter'
Gantz, a 59-year-old former paratrooper, mounted a strong challenge by brandishing his security credentials while pledging to undo damage he says Netanyahu has inflicted on the country with divisive politics. "We respect the decision of the people," Gantz said Wednesday night.
Former finance minister Yair Lapid, who co-led Blue and White, vowed to "make life bitter for the Netanyahu government." The vote had been expected to be close as Netanyahu faced potential corruption charges. Fighting for his political life, he spent the weeks ahead of the election campaigning furiously to energize his right-wing base. Netanyahu has been premier for a total of more than 13 years. But "King Bibi," as some have called him, now faces the prospect of becoming the first sitting prime minister to be indicted. The attorney general has announced he intends to charge Netanyahu with bribery, fraud and breach of trust pending an upcoming hearing.

Lieberman Demands ‘Liquidation of Hamas’ to Support Netanyahu in Government Formation
Tel Aviv - Asharq Al-Awsat/Thursday, 11 April, 2019/Head of the Yisrael Beiteinu party Avigdor Lieberman has taken advantage of the similar number of seats won by Benjamin Netanyahu’s Likud Party in parliament and his main rival, ex-military chief Benny Gantz's centrist Blue and White alliance, by demanding political compromises. Lieberman announced he would advise President Reuven Rivlin to pick Netanyahu to form a government but not before the PM pledges to approve a plan to liquidate Hamas movement. Following this announcement, Lieberman left the country for a long private trip to an east European country. He warned that if Netanyahu does not agree to his demand, then he will face a serious crisis. After counting 98 percent of the votes, each of Netanyahu and Gantz’s parties won 35 seats in the Knesset. The two ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) parties, Shas and United Torah Judaism, have gained 16 seats up 33 percent from 13 seats in the last elections, giving them greater negotiating power. They were followed by Arab MPs, whose number of seats declined to 10 from 13 in 2015 when they ran under one alliance.The centrist-left Labor Party received only six seats in this election down from 24 seats in the last polls. The party is chaired by Avi Gabbay, who is considered the first and historic leader of the Zionist movement and founder of the Jewish state. The rest of the seats were distributed as follows: Meretz and the Union of Right-Wing Parties won five seats each, United Torah Judaism won seven seats and Moshe Kahlon’s Kulanu won four seats. According to these results, a bloc led by the Likud would secure 65 seats in the 120-strong Knesset. A center-left bloc led by the Blue and White party, supported by the Arab parties, would only muster 55 seats. However, these results are not considered final or official as the ballots of 320,000 votes have not yet been counted from Tuesday's vote. Final results will be published in the Official Gazette on Wednesday after which Rivlin will begin his talks and consultations with heads of Israel’s blocs to listen to their choice and then appoint a prime minister.
Since Gantz and Netanyahu won the same number of seats, Rivlin will likely assign the incumbent to form the government.

Libya: Army Controls Militias’ Camps Near Tripoli
Cairo - Khaled Mahmoud/Asharq Al-Awsat/Thursday, 11 April, 2019/The head of the Libyan National Army (LNA), Gen. Khalifa Haftar, is in a race against time to liberate the capital, Tripoli, while the Prime Minister of the Government of National Accord (GNA), Fayez al-Sarrai accuses him of recruiting children in battles. International parties are calling on Haftar to end the battles amidst a European division, while the UN Security Council declined to discuss the military situation in Tripoli during its session on Tuesday. A number of Libya’s members of the House of Representatives preceded the session by issuing a statement affirming their support for the army's operation to "liberate Tripoli." Speaker of House of Representatives Aguila Saleh said in a letter addressed to the Security Council President, Christoph Heusgen, that the army is fulfilling its national duty to liberate the capital from “the grip of terrorism.”Haftar met at his headquarters in al-Rajma outside Benghazi, east of the country, a number of members of the House of Representatives who supported the operations of the Libyan army, his office announced in a brief statement. He reinforced his forces in the western region and appointed Major General Al-Mabrouk al-Ghazawi as assistant to the commander of the western operations, Major General Abdul Salam al-Hassi. Head of the interim government loyal to the army and parliament, in eastern Libya, Abdullah al-Thani said the army's advancement towards Tripoli was aimed at purging the country of groups that “have been creating corruption in the past years since 2014.” He called on the international community to honestly and realistically consider that these forces are fighting armed militias and extremist groups, which threaten the Libyan people and the international community as a whole. The foreign ministry of the interim government called on the Libyan diplomatic missions to notify their countries that the interim government headed by Abdullah al-Thani is the only legitimate recognized government. Meanwhile, deputy prime minister of GNA Ahmed Maiteeq asserted that the government is working to thwart the attack of the army. Minister of State Mark Field indicated he was worried by the military escalation in Libya which led to an increase in the number of casualties and postponement of the national conference. “All Libyan parties need urgently to pursue de-escalation to avoid further miscalculation and to recommit unashamedly to the UN-led initiative and political process. There is still time to prevent further violence and to find a political solution.” However, the European Parliament President Antonio Tajani acknowledged that France and Italy are divided over policy towards Libya despite the official position of EU unity stated by the bloc’s foreign policy chief. Meanwhile, army’s media division urged residents of Tripoli to stay away from windows in the areas of clashes and exercise utmost caution and safety. The warning came after Saiqa Special Forces, led by Major General Wanis Bukhamada, participated for the first time in battles, and the army announced that it began carrying out its tasks, without giving further details. The National Army forces took control of the headquarters of the Fourth Brigade after fierce battles and violent clashes in the area surrounding the camp near Tripoli, as described by the media division.
In other news, spokesman for the Central Security Agency of Sarraj announced that his forces, along with the “Protection of Tripoli” force, continue to control Tripoli International Airport and its surrounding area. Commander of the Central Operations Room, Brigadier General Ahmed Abu Shamma, announced that his forces maintained all their positions, including the airport. The German agency quoted a GNA spokesman in Tripoli as saying that they repelled an offensive launched by the opposing forces and compelling them to retreat in many locations south of Tripoli.

Cairo Denies Syrian Accusations on Banning Iranian Oil Tanker Passage
Cairo - Damascus - London - Asharq Al-Awsat/Thursday, 11 April, 2019/ Egypt’s government denied Wednesday banning the passage of oil tankers to Syria through the Suez Canal. Navigation in the canal is going according to international conventions and treaties that guarantee the right of safe navigation to all tankers without discrimination. The Egyptian response followed rumors circulating in the media about authorities in Egypt banning an Iranian tanker from passing to Syria. The government's media center revealed that the Suez Canal Authority has absolutely denied the report. In its statement on Wednesday, the center affirmed that the rumors aim to influence navigation in the canal. According to the Authority, the government is keen to manage the facility efficiently and impartially in a way that meets the interests of Egyptians and other people in transporting essential goods without any slowdown. The Authority urged the media to check the accuracy of the news before publishing it, and not to heed anonymous sources that seek to influence navigation, which has been lately witnessing a remarkable progress. Chairman of the Suez Canal Authority Mohab Mamish affirmed in previous statements that no ship carrying legal goods can be banned from passing. He added that the ban can take place in two cases only: if there is a warning from the UN, or if the ship has committed violations. Syrian Prime Minister Imad Khamis has held the US and Egypt responsible for the crisis in providing energy derivatives. He said the crisis started six months ago after the flow of two million barrels per months to Syria were stopped, and all quests to persuade the Egyptian government to let the Iranian tankers pass have failed. Khamis added that things worsened when US forces announced that every oil carrier heading to Syria would be targeted. They have also imposed a tight surveillance on ships, individuals and crew as well as a restriction on transactions. Syrian Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Ali Ghanem said that the oil sector has suffered USD74.2 billion in losses. The country’s oil needs are estimated at 100,000-136,000 bpd and this is why it relies on imports, he added.

Iraqi Troops Destroy ISIS Media Center in Hamreen
Asharq Al-Awsat/Thursday, 11 April, 2019/Iraq's elite counter-terrorism force targeted ISIS holdouts Thursday in the northern region of Hamreen, including a media center, more than a year after the country declared ISIS vanquished, Agence France Presse reported. Although they no longer hold territory, ISIS sleeper cells were believed to be hiding out in vast deserts and scraggy mountains like Hamreen, from where they have conducted deadly hit-and-run attacks against government posts. AFP quoted Iraqi military spokesman General Yahya Rasool as saying that Prime Minister Adel Abdel Mahdi had ordered the Counter-Terrorism Service "to conduct operations targeting ISIS remnants and their caves in the Hamreen Mountains." The operation was supported by both Iraqi aircraft and US-led coalition warplanes, he said in an online statement. CTS spokesman Sabah al-Naaman said the operation had lasted four days, with troops parachuting in and setting fire to 15 ISIS shelters. Among them was a center used to produce ISIS's weekly propaganda magazine Al-Naba. "A special team is currently analyzing the seized computers and documents -- and we'll see if there's a new issue, as they are usually published on Thursdays," Naaman said. The force is planning similar operations in other parts of Iraq. "The important part of this operation is that this difficult area, which posed a threat to northern Diyala and southern Kirkuk, has been cleared out," Naaman added. ISIS swept across swathes of Iraq and Syria in 2014. But it lost its territorial hold on Iraq in late 2017, and US-backed forces wrested the last piece of land in neighboring Syria from the militants last month. Still, escapee militants have kept up guerilla attacks, especially in rural areas in the provinces of Salaheddin, Kirkuk, Anbar, Diyala and Nineveh. In Kirkuk, militants have killed a dozen village leaders just in the past six months, according to local officials.

UK Sanctions 349 Syrian Entities, Individuals
London - Ibrahim Hamidi/Asharq Al-Awsat/Thursday, 11 April, 2019/ British diplomats and experts have been looking into the fate of European sanctions on Syrian public institutions or “war profiteers” in a manner that suits possible scenarios of BREXIT.
Meanwhile, German, French and British officials are working to add new members to the European blacklist. The European sanctions currently include 349 individuals and institutions of the Syrian regime or businessmen close to it. The recent list issued last month included seven ministers of the government of Imad Khamis, weeks after 11 individuals and private sector institutions that contributed to the reconstruction projects near Damascus were added to the list. British Prime Minister Theresa May asked the EU for an additional period until the end of June, hoping to pass its exit plan, while European Union President Donald Tusk offered a year. A British official told Asharq Al-Awsat that this could end in one of two scenarios: first, if Britain left the EU with an agreement and a transitional phase, European sanctions would immediately be transferred to Britain during the interim period. The second scenario would be leaving the EU without an agreement, which means London will have to adopt European sanctions with an independent British package.On the other hand, a European official told Asharq Al-Awsat that Germany and France had proposed adding an additional list of Syrian businessmen to the blacklist. “Sanctions are an important political tool in our Syrian policy. Our goal is not to target the Syrian people, but to send a political message to the Syrian regime and its supporters about the cost of what they are doing,” he said. He pointed out that there are two priorities for the two current European sanctions: chemical weapons and targeting those who collect money benefiting from the misery and suffering of the Syrian people.The last package of sanctions against the war profiteers came as a shock to the Syrian regime and its effects were surprising to some Europeans, the official noted. In addition, regional countries that wanted to normalize relations with the regime were surprised by the European position and the imposition of sanctions. The sanctions left a political and diplomatic impact, clearly indicating that the EU will not tolerate those who make their fortune by stealing the resources of the country, he explained, pending a credible political solution. By the end of 2018, Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir visited Damascus, UAE and Bahrain opened embassies in the country, and Syrian officials exchanged visits with Oman. In addition, Director of the National Security Office Major General Ali Mamlouk visited Cairo and recently there have been talks about the Syrian government rejoining the Arab League and Arab contribution to the reconstruction of Syria, add to that, the decision of US President Donald Trump to withdraw troops from eastern Syria and the Kurds' rush to negotiate with Damascus. However, the mood quickly shifted at the beginning of this year for several reasons, when bilateral and collective Arab normalization with Damascus were ceased, in addition to the several EU countries, including Britain, declaring they do not intend to open embassies in the Syrian capital. The EU official also indicated that talks are underway with Washington to approve the same sanctions recently adopted by the European Union. However, Trump later announced that he won’t completely withdraw the troops and has agreed to keep 400 members and work with European countries to send additional troops to “fill the vacuum resulting from the US withdrawal." Washington also suspended dialogue between the Kurds and Damascus. US and European countries believe that sanctions, legitimacy, and reconstruction are the issues that they have to negotiate with Russia about Syria, according to a European diplomat who agrees with his colleagues. The diplomat added that by resorting to “strategic patience” with Moscow until it disagrees with Tehran in Syria, it will be more inclined to accept the political solution, reconstruction, and the return of refugees.

Egyptian Security Forces Kill 11 Militants in Sinai

Asharq Al-Awsat/Thursday, 11 April, 2019/Egyptian police forces have killed 11 militants in the northern Sinai Peninsula, after several attacks in the last two days have left eight policemen and three civilians dead in the restive area. An Interior Ministry statement Thursday said security forces exchanged fire with the militants, but no casualties were reported among the police as they stormed the insurgent hideout in the Mediterranean coastal city of el-Arish.
The ministry said it found weapons, two explosive devices and two explosive belts.On Wednesday, Egyptian security officials said two separate explosive attacks overnight killed four policemen, a day after an ISIS suicide bomber killed four policemen and three civilians.
Egypt has for years battled militants in Sinai.

Assange Arrested in London on U.S. Extradition Request
Agence France Presse/Naharnet/April 11/19/WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange's seven-year hideout in Ecuador's London embassy ended spectacularly Thursday when British police arrested him on an extradition request from the United States to face hacking charges.
Footage shot by the Russian video news agency Ruptly showed a frantic-looking Assange -- his worn face framed by a bushy white beard and shock of silver hair -- being hustled out of the building by burly men in suits and pulled into one of two waiting police vans. A Ruptly reporter who shot the scene and requested anonymity told AFP that Assange shouted "UK must resist" as he was hauled away by at least seven men dressed in dark suits and ties. The scene took place on a plush side street in the heart of London that has been Assange's refuge from prosecution since 2012.
"No one is above the law," British Prime Minister Theresa May said to a round of cheers in parliament. The moment of high drama came after Ecuador, which has grown increasingly frustrated with Assange's stay under pro-U.S. President Lenin Moreno, withdrew its asylum. UK police said Assange had been initially arrested for breaching his bail conditions in 2012 and then "further arrested on behalf of the United States authorities."
Assange court appearance
Within hours, pony-tailed Assange appeared in court for a brief hearing where he gave a thumbs-up sign to the press gallery and sat reading a copy of Gore Vidal's book "History of the National Security State" about the U.S. military-industrial complex, before the hearing began. Judge Michael Snow pronounced Assange guilty of the bail charge, which carries a sentence of up to a year in prison, and remanded him in custody to face sentencing at an unspecified later date. He also faces a separate hearing on the U.S. extradition request on May 2. Assange had long suspected that he was secretly wanted by Washington for his decision to publish a trove of classified Pentagon documents detailing alleged U.S. war crimes in Afghanistan and Iraq. U.S. authorities had steadfastly refused to confirm reports that they had issued a sealed indictment against Assange -- until Thursday. The U.S. Justice Department said Assange was being charged with a computer hacking conspiracy relating to his work with former U.S. intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning in March 2010. "Assange is charged with conspiracy to commit computer intrusion and is presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt," a U.S. Justice Department statement said. "If convicted, he faces a maximum penalty of five years in prison."
Guarantee against death penalty
Assange will now be at the heart of a legal and diplomatic tug of war pitting him and his legions of supporters -- including Russian authorities -- against the U.S. justice system. His U.S.-based attorney Barry Pollack condemned "an unprecedented effort by the United States seeking to extradite a foreign journalist to face criminal charges for publishing truthful information." WikiLeaks accused Ecuador of breaching international law by withdrawing his asylum. Ecuador's Moreno insisted that he had "asked Great Britain for the guarantee that Mr Assange will not be extradited to any country in which he could suffer torture or face the death penalty."
'Dark moment for freedom'
Assange's case has opened up a broader debate about security and free speech. His supporters view him as a fearless exposer of injustices such as torture and alleged war crimes committed by the United States in Afghanistan and Iraq. Assange's critics accuse him of cosying up to authoritarian leaders such as Russian President Vladimir Putin and putting Americans' lives at risk. Fugitive former U.S. government contractor Edward Snowden -- himself wanted for leaking details of secret U.S. surveillance programs -- called Assange's arrest a "dark moment for press freedom."Russian foreign ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova accused Britain of "strangling freedom." But UK Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt said Assange "has hidden from the truth for years" and was trying to "escape facing justice.""He is no hero," Hunt said.
'Truman Show'
WikiLeaks on Wednesday had claimed that it was being blackmailed by "dubious characters" who had obtained security camera footage of Assange inside the embassy. WikiLeaks editor Kristinn Hrafnsson accused Ecuador authorities of gathering the images as well as copies of private documents prepared for Assange by his lawyers. Hrafnsson said these had then found their way into the hands of a group in Spain that was demanding $3 million (2.7 million euros) not to publish them. "Since Moreno took power in Ecuador (in 2017), Julian Assange has been living in a Truman Show type (surveillance) situation," Hrafnsson said.

World's Biggest Election Tests Modi's Grip on Power in India
Agence France Presse/Naharnet/April 11/19/Tens of millions of Indians joined nationwide queues Thursday to give their verdict on nationalist prime minister Narendra Modi as the world's biggest election started amid deadly clashes. Election officials reported a heavy turnout across the 20 states taking part in the first day of the massive exercise which involves 900 million eligible voters and will take nearly six weeks to complete. While the 68-year-old Modi remains popular because of his tough stance on national security, he is under pressure over unemployment and controversial economic reforms. Insults and fake news have surged on social media in the run-up to the poll as Modi's right wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the opposition Congress party stake rival claims. On the ground, security forces were on high alert and three members of rival regional parties were killed in clashes outside polling stations in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh. After five people including a local lawmaker were killed by a roadside bomb planted by suspected Maoist rebels on Tuesday, insurgents were blamed for two voting day blasts in Maharashtra state, where two police were injured, and one in Chhattisgarh state. In Kashmir, which is in the grip of an insurrection that took India to the verge of war with neighboring Pakistan less than two months ago, one teenager was killed in clashes with security forces. Police said the 13-year-old boy was killed and six people wounded in protests after polling ended, with demonstrators throwing stones and government forces firing live ammunition. Tens of thousands of police, paramilitaries and troops were on voting duty in the volatile state. Thousands of candidates from more than 2,000 parties are running for office in the seven separate days of voting in 543 constituencies up to May 19. Final results will be released on May 23. Some 1.1 million electronic voting machines are being taken around the country, with some transported through jungles and carried up mountains, including to a hamlet near the Chinese border with just one voter. About 142 million people were eligible for the first day of voting. In the northeastern state of Assam, queues started forming well before voting opened, including many of the 84 million first-time voters who could play a decisive role in the outcome. "It's a great feeling to cast the vote, which makes me a part of the democratic system and makes me responsible for electing a good leader," Anurag Baruah, 23, told AFP.

Modi swept to power in 2014 with the biggest landslide in 30 years.
The BJP has put Modi left, right and center of its campaign to secure a second five year term. "Each (BJP) candidate contesting across India represents a miniature version of Modi. We are fighting not with our name. We are fighting with the name of our Supreme Leader, Narendra Modi," national party spokesman Sambit Patra said ahead of voting. Critics, however, accuse Modi of imposing a Hindu agenda through re-writing school textbooks and re-naming cities and emboldening attacks on Muslims and low-caste Dalits. Modi has simplified the tax code and made doing business easier, but some promises have fallen short. Thousands of indebted farmers have committed suicide in recent years. Growth in Asia's third-biggest economy has been too slow to provide jobs for the roughly one million Indians entering the labor market each month. "I want a government that thinks about women and brings down the high prices of rice and lentils," said Suman Sharma, 50, a housewife in Ghaziabad near Delhi. Rahul Gandhi, leader of the opposition Congress party and latest member of his family dynasty hoping to become prime minister, accused Modi of causing a "national disaster." "No JOBS. DEMONETISATION. Farmers in Pain... Lies. Lies. Lies. Distrust. Violence. HATE. Fear," Gandhi tweeted on Thursday. "You vote today for the soul of India. For her future. Vote wisely." His party won three key state elections in December but India's showdown with Pakistan in February gave Modi's standing a new boost.
'Empty suit'
Gandhi, great-grandson, grandson and son of three past premiers, has grown in stature since being derided in leaked U.S. diplomatic cables in 2007 as an "empty suit". But Modi and the BJP's campaign juggernaut -- he has been addressing three rallies a day in the run-up to voting -- will be no pushover, promising a $1.4-trillion infrastructure blitz if he wins. Playing to its Hindu base, the BJP has committed to building a grand temple in place of a Muslim mosque demolished by Hindu mobs in the northern city of Ayodhya in 1992. India's latest military altercation with arch-rival Pakistan in February has allowed Modi to portray himself as the nation's "chowkidar" ("watchman"). The few opinion polls have given him the advantage but they are notoriously unreliable in India and much will depend on the BJP's performance in key states such as Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state, where it won most of the 80 seats in 2014.

Italy Warns of Libya Humanitarian, Migration Emergency
Agence France Presse/Naharnet/April 11/19/Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte warned Thursday that the deteriorating situation in Libya could create a humanitarian crisis and increase the number of migrants crossing the Mediterranean."Ongoing fighting and a rising number of dead, now estimated at several hundred, as well as the wounded and displaced, signals the real risk of a humanitarian crisis that must be quickly resolved," Conte told parliament. "The humanitarian emergency, with its consequences on the flow of migrants... requires determination and rapid action," Conte said.
Dozens of people are confirmed dead in Libya since military strongman Khalifa Haftar's forces launched an offensive last week to capture the capital Tripoli, which is controlled by a U.N.-backed government and an array of militias. U.N. chief Antonio Guterres has warned that Libya is on the brink of "a very dangerous situation" as the rival forces battle for control of Tripoli. Thousands of people have fled heavy fighting on the outskirts of the capital. Former colonial power Italy's far-right deputy prime minister and Interior Minister Matteo Salvini has taken a hard line against immigrants, particularly those making the perilous journey across the Mediterranean from Libya.

Canada alarmed by Russia’s objection to banning Novichoks under Chemical Weapons Convention
April 11, 2019 - Ottawa, Ontario - Global Affairs Canada
This week, Russia broke international consensus and rejected the addition of Novichoks, a class of chemical weapons, to the list of chemicals banned by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). This follows a meeting on January 14, 2019 where the international community was of a clear, united view that these weapons must be banned. Canada is very alarmed by this Russian obstruction.
Novichoks were used in the attack against Sergei and Yulia Skripal in Salisbury, United Kingdom, in March 2018, and responsible for the death of Dawn Sturgess in Amesbury, United Kingdom, in July 2018.
In 1997, the world came together and agreed that chemical weapons must not only be banned but eliminated. That is what the OPCW seeks to accomplish. Its work is essential, and that is why Canada, the top donor after the US, announced last week $2 million in additional funding to the organization.
We, and our partners, will continue to support the work of the OPCW and hold Russia accountable for its reprehensible use of illegal chemical weapons.
Quick facts
In October 2018, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States submitted a joint technical change proposal to list two families of toxic chemicals, including the Novichoks, in the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), subjecting these substances to declaration and verification.
The OPCW is an independent, treaty-based body established in 1997 to implement the CWC. With over 190 states parties, the CWC is one of the world’s most widely subscribed treaties.
The OPCW is the only multilateral institution charged with eradicating an entire class of weapons of mass destruction. To date, it has verified the elimination of 96% of the world’s declared chemical weapons.

Latest LCCC English analysis & editorials from miscellaneous sources published on April 11-12/19
NY Cleric Muhammad Ibn Muneer: Muslims Should Hate Non-Muslims, Can Only Maintain Relations With Them To Call Them To Islam
الشيخ محمد بن منير من نيويورك: على المسلمين أن يكرهوا غير المسلمين وعلاقته بهم يجب أن تكون فقط لدعودتهم للإسلام
MEMRI/April 11/2019
http://eliasbejjaninews.com/archives/73740/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83-%D8%B9%D9%84/

In a Q&A session uploaded to the Hadith Disciple YouTube channel on January 31, 2018, New York cleric Mufti Muhammad Ibn Muneer said that there are different ways of dealing with different types of Jews. He cited the Islamic principle of Al-Bara Wal-Wala (disavowal and loyalty), which he says is, as "explained by Ibn Al-Qayyim and many others... simply summed up as loving the Muslims and hating the non-Muslims... Buddhist, Hindu, this, that, so on and so forth." He underlined that if his Jewish neighbor is "trying to do me physical harm... I have the right to defend myself." He continued: "Look at history" when Jews and Muslims lived together and "the Muslims ran the country [and] the Jews were the minority.... The moment there is oppression" – that's "a whole different story."
In a Q&A session uploaded a year later, on January 31, 2019, he expanded on the subject, saying that a Muslim cannot maintain a close relationship with infidels with whom he had been friends prior to accepting Islam and that Muslims cannot treat non-Muslim as friends. They may be treated with respect and friendliness in order to invite them to Islam, he said, but only a pious Muslim is worthy of a close, trusting friendship. He added that it may be Islamically impermissible to wear soccer jerseys that have the names of non-Muslims or that contain symbols of something other than Islam, and that buying designer clothing might be supporting homosexuals or people who are bombing Muslims in Palestine.
Both Q&A sessions were held at Majlis Ahlis-Sunnah Wal-Jama'ah in Queens, New York.
In earlier MEMRI TV clips, Ibn Muneer discussed a wide range of issues: NY Muslim Cleric Ibn Muneer: Muslims Should Not Apologize For Prophet Muhammad Marrying A Minor, The Jews And Christians Will Never Be Pleased With You Anyway (September 5, 2018); NY Cleric Ibn Muneer: Islam Without Jihad Is Like Honey Without The Sweetness; Don't Apologize For Speaking The Truth About Jihad, Jews, And Christians (December 5, 2018); and Polygamy Lectures By NY Cleric Ibn Muneer: It Is Healthy Competition For Women, "Major Jihad" To Fight Jealousy; Problem With Her Faith If She Says "No" To Having Co-Wife; Man Is Weak If He Asks Her Permission To Marry Another (January 24, 2015-February 1, 2019).
To view the MEMRI TV clip of Muhammad Ibn Muneer's January 31, 2018 and January 31, 2019 Q&A sessions, click  here
The following is the transcript of the MEMRI TV clip of the Q&A sessions:
Q&A Session – January 31, 2018
"Jews Are Of Different Types"; "The General Principle In Islam Of Al-Bara Wal-Wala [Disavowal And Loyalty]... Is Simply Summed Up As Loving The Muslims And Hating The Non-Muslims... Buddhist, Hindu, This, That, So On And So Forth"
Muhammad Ibn Muneer: "The question says, from Ft. Worth, TX: 'What should our relationship with the Jews be in this day and age?' That's a very long and detailed discussion. Before we can shed any light on the issue, we have to know that Jews are of different types.
"So, obviously, if there are different types – both religious and ethnically, and so on and so forth – then, obviously, dealing with them is going to vary as well.
"The general principle in Islam of Al-Bara Wal-Wala [disavowal and loyalty] as explained by Ibn Al-Qayyim and many others is to love and to hate for the sake of Allah, which is simply summed up as loving the Muslims and hating the non-Muslims. Being loyal to the Muslims, and not being loyal to the non-Muslims. Supporting the Muslims and not supporting polytheism and disbelief, et cetera, regardless of the different types of polytheism and disbelief – Buddhist, Hindu, this, that, so on and so forth."
If My Jewish Neighbor Is "Trying To Do Me Physical Harm... I Have The Right To Defend Myself"; "Look At History" – When Jews And Muslims Lived Together And "The Muslims Ran The Country [And] The Jews Were The Minority"; "The Moment There Is Oppression" – That's "A Whole Different Story"
"It is going to vary from time to time, from person to person, from place to place. If I have a neighbor who is a Jew... That's my neighbor; I have to look after him and his property. I can't lust after his wife, disrespect his property, allow someone to do something bad to his... He's my neighbor even if he's a Jew. [But if] he's trying to do me physical harm and cause me harm, I have the right to defend myself.
"The same applies to overseas. Look at history. When the Jews and the Muslims, they lived... The Muslims ran this country, the Jews were the minority, whatever the case is... The moment there is oppression – the moment there is plunder, and rape, and murder... The moment [he] is swindling [Muslims] out of [their] rights, [their] land, [their] honor, killing [them], blowing [them] up – that's a whole different story.
Q&A Session – January 31, 2019
On Maintaining Non-Muslim Friendships: Maintain "Relations With Them To Call Them To Islam And To Invite Them To Your Way Of Life"
Muhammad Ibn Muneer: "With regards to taking the disbelievers as friends and intimate companions – can a person keep a close relationship with his previous friends and colleagues before he accepted Islam, from school, et cetera? No and yes. No, they are not your friends, and they are not allowed to be treated as your friends. The yes part – you keeping relations with them to call them to Islam and to invite them to your way of life. You keeping relations with them because you may owe them something, they did a lot of things for you back in the day and took care of you, and looked after you – you pay back the basic good treatment. But them being your buddies and your friends, and they feel that this person is their close, close, close buddy – that's problematic.
"They can't be your close friends. You [can] see them and talk to them, and say: 'Hey, what's up, what's going on, alright...' You bust it up.
"But someone being your close friend – entering your home, eating your food, you tell them secrets, they tell you secrets, you trust them, you rely upon them, things like this – that's only befitting of a pious Muslim. That's only befitting of a pious Muslim. So oftentimes it's a word game, we say 'friends' or 'close friends' but it's nothing more than an associate.
"But that doesn't mean that you see a non-Muslim from the days before you were Muslim and you have to spit in their face and curse them and doom them to the fire of Hell. You speak to them [and say]: 'Hey, how are you doing?' You never know when a person may become a Muslim. You never know."
"If It Doesn't Have A Symbol Of Disbelief... Then Perhaps It Is Permissible To Wear It, Whereas If You Buy Other Clothes [Such As] Designer Clothes, You May Be Supporting Homosexuals"
"Question comes from the U.K. on supporting football matches, soccer matches, things like this – buying their jerseys, going to games, et cetera. As far as buying the jersey, some of the people of knowledge have given rulings that you are not allowed to wear the jerseys upon which are the names of infidels and/or upon which are the names of sinful Muslims.
"So many scholars, some scholars, have passed rulings regarding this as impermissible, and as a means of showing loyalty to them, loving them, imitating them, and being soft towards them. Let alone [the fact that] some of the jerseys may include symbols and icons, regardless of whether it's a symbol of religion or not, but it's a symbol or icon of other than Islam.
"I was going to visit a sheikh one day, and as I was crossing the street a bunch of kids were laughing at me and making fun of me from across the street. Some Saudi kids.
"So I greeted them and said: 'What are you guys laughing at, what's so funny?' They said: 'Look at your thawb! Where's the rest of your thawb? Why is your thawb so short?' So I pointed to one of them who had on a soccer jersey. I said: 'You've got a cross on your shirt. You have a crucifix – are you a Christian?' [They responded:] 'Allah forbid, forgiveness from Allah...' [I said:] 'So you're laughing at me for implementing the Sunnah, and you're wearing a symbol of Christians who hate Muslims and who hate everything about you, your life, your culture, your background, your lineage, and your country.'
"If it doesn't have a symbol of disbelief and doesn't have the names of a non-Muslim, then perhaps it is permissible to wear it, whereas if you buy other clothes [such as] designer clothes, you may be supporting homosexuals, as we've said, or you may be supporting people that bomb our brothers in Palestine."
To read the report on the MEMRI site Click here
https://outlook.live.com/mail/inbox/id/AQMkADAwATE0YzAwAC1jZmEzLTMwODktMDACLTAwCgBGAAAD%2FUDy2DSUJEy%2BeuWAUsaRSQcAQD3AMaXtfEW1haoJocBU4gAAAgEMAAAAQD3AMaXtfEW1haoJocBU4gAClXjOEwAAAA%3D%3D

Reactions In Iran To U.S. Designation Of IRGC As Terror Organization
ميمري: ردود الفعل الإيرانية على ادراج أميركا الحرس الثوري على قوائم الإرهاب
MEMRI/April 11/2019
http://eliasbejjaninews.com/archives/73744/reactions-in-iran-to-u-s-designation-of-irgc-as-terror-organization-%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89/

The Trump administration’s April 8, 2019 designation of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) as a Foreign Terror Organization (FTO) evoked harsh responses from the Iranian regime. On April 9, the Iranian Majlis retaliated by designating the U.S. military as “terrorist.” Iranian spokesmen stressed that the U.S. move would not affect Iran or the IRGC, and that the latter would continue to gain strength, and some stated that, from now on, the IRGC would indeed regard the U.S. forces as terrorists and as legitimate targets. However, past experience indicates that the Iranian regime will not hurry to risk its forces in a direct attack on U.S. troops or interests, but will prefer to employ the Shi’ite militias it controls outside Iran.
As stated by the regime mouthpiece Kayhan in an April 10, 2019 article, the U.S. move is intended to undermine Iran’s economy and weaken the economic power of the IRGC, even outside Iran, i.e., to diminish Iran’s influence in the Middle East (for more on the goals and impact of the U.S. designation of the IRGC as an FTO, see MEMRI Inquiry and Analysis No. 1449). It added that this “psychological warfare” by the U.S. must be met with the harshest possible response, namely with military exercises simulating the sinking of U.S. vessels in the Persian Gulf.
This report presents the main Iranian reactions to the designation of the IRGC as an FTO.
Khamenei: “The Republic’s Enemies Are Headed Towards An Abyss”
Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei said: “The U.S. and the ignorant enemies have been exerting all their powers [against Iran] for 40 years, but to no avail. Today the arms of the [Iranian] revolution and regime have reached the region and the world. The deluded Americans are plotting against the IRGC, and actually against the [Islamic] revolution and Iran. This evil will obviously get them nowhere… The enemies of the Islamic Republic, such as Trump and the idiots that surround the U.S. administration, are headed for the abyss.”[1]
Following the U.S. announcement, Iranian Majlis members don IRGC uniforms as show of support (image: Tehran Times, Iran, April 9, 2019)
IRGC Commander Jafari: The IRGC’s Defense And Invasion Capabilities Will Only Grow
IRGC Commander Mohammad Ali Jafari warned on April 7, 2019 that designating the IRGC as a terror organization would “harm Iran’s national security” and bring in its wake “disquiet for American forces in the region.”[2] In an April 9 meeting with Iranian Army Chief-of-Staff Abdolrahim Mousavi, he said: “The IRGC’s honor does not originate in the U.S. and therefore will not be harmed by these decisions. This move definitely harms [the Americans] and increases support for the IRGC… The stupid American officials who consented to this move may rest assured that, in the course of this year, the IRGC’s defense and invasion capabilities will grow greater than they are today, and the growth of the IRGC will prove to the world that the American sanctions have no effect whatsoever.”[3]
Army Chief-of-Staff Mousavi: “We Have No Choice But To Humiliate Our Enemies”
Mousavi said at the meeting: “We have no choice but to humiliate our enemies. [The Americans] must look at the humiliating pictures of their troops[4] and avoid placing themselves in [another] situation that will end in humiliation [for them].”[5]
Expediency Council Secretary Mohsen Rezaee tweeted: “Mr. Trump, don’t let your aircraft carriers come near IRGC vessels.”[6]
Majlis National Security Committee Member Hosseini: “America Has A Presence In This Region, And It Understands What We Mean [To Imply By That]”
Hossein Naqavi Hosseini, member of the Majlis National Security and Foreign Policy Committee, stated in a televised interview that “the U.S. decision violates the international law… We will regard the American forces as terror organizations. We will treat them the same way we treat Al-Qaeda and ISIS, and this will have dangerous consequences for the U.S…
“In 2019 the Americans intend to maximize their pressure on Iran and to bring Iran’s oil sales down to zero. They want to block all the Islamic Republic’s advantages by means of sanctions. They want to curb all our immense capabilities, and the IRGC is one of Iran’s capabilities. Designating it as a terror organization is part of the puzzle of the U.S. [strategy] aimed at increasing the pressure on Iran, for the Americans believe that the IRGC has economic, cultural and political clout…
“Iran is present everywhere in the region and has abilities, forces and tools. America has a presence in this region [as well], and it understands what we mean [to imply by that].”[7]
National Security Committee Member Boroujerdi: “Washington’s Troops Will Not Be Secure In The Region”
Majlis National Security and Foreign Policy Committee member Alaa Al-Din Boroujerdi said, immediately following the U.S. announcement, that “the Islamic Republic will respond firmly to America’s foolish decision to place the IRGC on the terror list, and this response will be carried out as soon as possible… This political [move] is America’s retaliation against the IRGC for its strategic role in defeating ISIS… Washington is the one who will be harmed the most by this decision, and its forces will not be secure in the region.”[8]
Deputy Foreign Minister Araghchi: As Far As We Are Concerned, The U.S. Troops Are Terrorists And Their Bases Are Terror Bases
Iran’s Deputy Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said on the Channel Two news: “American troops patrol the Persian Gulf [although] the task of guarding it belongs to the IRGC, and therefore new incidents are likely to occur. America has crossed one of Iran’s major red lines. Its latest decision [to designate the IRGC] could have many consequences. From now on, the American troops and their bases in the region are no longer considered ‘American troops.’ As far as we are concerned, they are terrorists and terror bases, and from now on we will treat them accordingly, [so] we are headed for new circumstances. Earlier, we conveyed a direct message to America via Switzerland, that if the IRGC is designated as a terror organization, we would retaliate in kind, [and] America will be the one responsible for this action of ours. This latest American move is a political and strategic mistake.”[9]
Kayhan: Trump’s Decision Is A Death Warrant For U.S. Troops
Kayhan’s April 9, 2019 front-page article, headlined “The U.S. President Has Issued a Death Warrant for U.S. Troops,” stated that “the stupidity of the new U.S. president is limitless. His latest unforgettable act of foolishness has been to designate the IRGC as a terror organization. With this move he has [virtually] issued a death warrant for U.S. troops [in the region]. This means that Trump will never forget the bitterness of this stupidity.”
Kayhan’s April 9 editorial, titled “Mr. Trump! Picture a Coffin,” stated that “this [American] decision will have particular and grave consequences for the American forces. With this action Trump is in essence toying with the lives of his thousands of troops in the region. Before signing this order Trump should have taken another look at the photo of his navy troops who entered Iran’s territorial waters [in January 2016] and surrendered [to IRGC forces]… If Congress was party to this stupidity of the White House and approved this decision, Trump had better think of ordering diapers and coffins [for his troops] in the Middle East.
Kayhan Article: “The IRGC Will [Turn] The Persian Gulf Into A Graveyard For Your Army”
Kayhan‘s front-page article on April 10 stated, “Mr. Trump, take another look at these photos [of U.S. troops surrendering to IRGC troops]! The IRGC will [turn] the Persian Gulf into a graveyard for your army… Trump, who in 2016 described the capture of the desperate U.S. troops by the IRGC, and their kneeling on the deck of the ship, as a ‘horrifying spectacle,’ apparently fails to realize that he is toying with the lives of [his] country’s armed forces. If the events of that day recur… [this time] the U.S. troops will not be treated mercifully by the IRGC.”[10]
Kayhan Article: This Step Is Not Military But Has Economic Goals; Exercises Should Be Held In The Strait of Hormuz, Including Simulations Of The Sinking Of American Ships
Kayhan’s April 10 editorial stated, “This step by the enemy reflects the growing influence of Iran in the region… In essence, after using various methods which did not succeed, the enemy reached the conclusion that it should use economic leverage to fight the Iranian people and thereby reduce [Iran’s] influence. Therefore, we consider this decision, which appears to be a military [decision], as nothing more than a psychological action with economic objectives…
“Iran’s response until now has been commendable… The canceling [of Iran’s intention to join the] Financial Action Task Force and the designation of the American troops as terrorists are the best, immediate [measures] Iran could have taken in response to Trump’s decision… We must make sure to respond to the enemy’s psychological actions as severely as possible…
“Holding [military] exercises in the Strait of Hormuz and practicing burying American ships are actions the IRGC may take to demonstrate its seriousness to the enemy and as a response to the American [moves].”[11]
IRGC Statement: “We Will Teach The Enemy Unforgettable And Painful Lessons”
A statement issued by the IRGC in response to the U.S. decision stated: “[This] illegal and unprecedented step by America illustrates the depth of its hatred toward this revolutionary institution [the IRGC]. The black decision by Trump and the idiots that surround the American regime, and the ongoing series of defeats of the White House in the region, have naturally increased the IRGC’s resolve to expedite the strengthening of the system and of its defense and attack capabilities, to increase its power in the region, and to maintain the national support [it enjoys]…
“We believe that the support extended to the IRGC by the people, the government institutions [and] the armed forces, [as well as by] clerics, academics, political parties and currents and all of Iran’s friends in the world maintaining the achievements of the Islamic Revolution and protecting national security. We promise the Iranian people and the supporters of the revolution that we will protect and defend the revolution and its aspirations, in accordance with Khamenei’s instructions, that we will utilize a strategy of meeting aggression with aggression against the enemy and teach it unforgettable and painful lessons.”[12]
[1] Website of the Supreme Leader (Iran), April 9, 2019.
[2] ISNA (Iran), April 7, 2019.
[3] ISNA (Iran), April 9, 2019.
[4] A reference to the 2016 U.S.-Iran naval incident, in which the IRGC seized two U.S. Navy riverine command boats after they entered Iranian territorial waters and held the sailors captive for several hours.
[5] ISNA (Iran), April 9, 2019.
[6] Twitter.com/@ir_rezaee, April 8, 2019.
[7] ISNA (Iran), April 8, 2019.
[8] Icana.ir, April 8, 2019.
[9] Irna (Iran), April 8, 2019.
[10] Kayhan (Iran), April 10, 2019.
[11] Kayhan (Iran), April 10, 2019.
[12] Tasnim (Iran), April 10, 2019.
CLICK HERE TO READ THE REPORT ON MEMRI WEBSITE
https://www.memri.org/reports/reactions-iran-us-designation-irgc-terror-organization

Is Iran Winning in Yemen?
Soeren Kern/Gatestone Institute/April 11/2019
https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/14053/iran-winning-yemen
"The Yemeni revolution will not be confined to Yemen alone. It will extend, following its success, into Saudi territories." — Iranian Lawmaker Ali Reza Zakani, trusted adviser to Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
"If the Shia rebels gain control of the Bab al-Mandeb Strait, Iran can attain a foothold in this sensitive region giving access to the Red Sea and the Suez Canal, a cause of concern not only for its sworn rivals Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the Gulf states, but also for Israel and European countries along the Mediterranean." — IDF Lt.-Col. (Ret.) Michael Segall.
"Hard-line elements [in Iran] appear to see the continuation of the conflict [in Yemen] as a relatively low-cost and low-risk means of sustaining political, economic, and military pressure on the Saudis. Saudi Arabia's intervention has reportedly cost between $5 billion and $6 billion a month, while Iran's expenditures in Yemen probably total only millions a year." — Gerald M. Feierstein, Middle East Institute.
"The Houthis' intransigence confirms their loyalty to Iran's negotiating tactics. These usually begin with implicit approval of negotiating solutions, followed by complete retraction in order to force the international community to make more concessions and impose a fait accompli on the Yemeni government...." — Yemeni Foreign Minister Khaled al-Yemany.
Militiamen aligned with Yemen's government (supported by the US and Saudi Arabia) look for snipers from Iranian-backed Houthi rebel forces, south of Hodeidah, Yemen on September 21, 2018. According to the United Nations, Iran has been supplying Houthi rebels with weapons for more than a decade. (Photo by Andrew Renneisen/Getty Images)
A ceasefire deal aimed at ending Yemen's civil war is collapsing amid disputes between the warring parties over how to implement the agreement. A resumption of hostilities would, according to aid groups, accelerate Yemen's descent into famine and threaten as many as 15 million people — more than half the population — with starvation.
Yemen's four-year conflict is generally viewed as a proxy war between Saudi Arabia, which backs the internationally-recognized Yemeni government, and Iran, which backs tribal-based Shiite rebels, known as Houthis.
Iran has long denied accusations that it provides financial and military support to the Houthis, officially known as Ansar Allah (Partisans of Allah). According to the United Nations, however, Tehran has been supplying the rebels with weapons for more than a decade.
Yemen's civil war has deep roots based on religious, economic and political grievances that go back to September 1962, when a revolution replaced a 1,000-year-old absolute hereditary Shiite monarchy — the Zaidi imamate — with a secular regime, the Republic of Yemen.
The Houthi movement, formed in 1992 as a Zaidi-Shia armed opposition group to fight the pro-American government of then-President Ali Abdullah Saleh, has demanded regional autonomy and a greater share of power in the central government.
The Houthi insurgency began in June 2004, when the group's leader, Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi, launched an armed rebellion aimed at bringing down the Saleh government. Sectarian violence was inflamed when al-Houthi was killed by Yemeni forces in September 2004.
In November 2011, after more than three decades in power, Saleh signed a deal to transfer power to Yemeni Vice President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. The move, welcomed by many as a turning point in Yemen's history, failed to quell Houthi protests.
The conflict escalated into a full-blown civil war in September 2014, when the rebels, representing between a quarter and a third of the Yemeni population, staged a coup d'état and seized control of the capital, Sanaa. Hadi, Yemen's internationally-recognized president, subsequently fled to Saudi Arabia.
In March 2015, Saudi Arabia and a Western-backed coalition of ten Sunni Arab states — alarmed by what they viewed as an attempt by Iran to establish a militarized Shiite state in northern Yemen — began a military intervention against Houthi targets to restore the legitimate government. The Saudi-led coalition, despite having superior air power, quickly got bogged down due to the Houthis' adeptness at asymmetric warfare. The conflict soon reached a military stalemate that continues to this day.
At least 7,000 Yemeni civilians have died and more than 10,000 have been injured during the last four years of conflict, according to data from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). At least three million people have been displaced and around 400,000 children suffer from severe malnutrition. UN Secretary-General António Guterres has described Yemen as the "world's worst humanitarian crisis."
Sometimes called the "forgotten war," the conflict in Yemen received new scrutiny after the October 2018 killing of Saudi dissident Jamal Khashoggi at the kingdom's consulate in Istanbul. Outrage over the murder increased pressure on Saudi Arabia to seek a truce in Yemen.
In November 2018, the United States announced that it was halting the aerial refueling of aircraft from the Saudi-led coalition engaged in Yemen. A month later, in December 2018, the United States Congress passed a joint resolution calling for the removal of American troops from Yemen.
In March 2019, the U.S. Senate voted to remove U.S. troops from Yemen within 30 days. In April 2019, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a resolution to end American military support for the Saudi-led war in Yemen. The White House has vowed to veto the resolution. It has stated that the resolution raises "serious constitutional concerns" and is based on an "erroneous premise" — presumably meaning that it would not be in the U.S. interest to abandon Yemen to Iran.
In December 2018, the warring parties signed a series of UN-sponsored agreements — known collectively as the Stockholm Agreement — primarily aimed at facilitating the movement of international aid through Yemen's main Red Sea port of Hodeidah, through which the country receives about 70% of its food imports. The Houthis pledged to withdraw from Hodeidah and Saudi-led coalition forces promised to retreat from the outskirts of the city.
The troop withdrawals in Hodeidah were intended to clear the way for wider negotiations to end the four-year war. The agreement, however, has been criticized for being ambiguous; it does not, for instance, stipulate who should control the port in Hodeidah after the Houthis withdraw.
The Houthis now say that they will not withdraw from the port without guarantees that Saudi-led coalition forces will not seize control. Each side has accused the other of violating the pact. The Yemeni government believes that the Houthis are using the strategic port to smuggle in weapons from Iran to sustain their military efforts.
Iran-Saudi Rivalry
Saudi Arabia views the Houthis — who adhere to Zaidi Islam, an offshoot of Shiism — as an Iranian proxy that Tehran is using to its project political and military power in the Arabian Peninsula in an apparent quest to become the dominant force in the Middle East.
Saudi leaders have sounded the alarm about the threat posed by the so-called Shia Crescent, an ever-expanding arc of Iranian influence across the Arab world. In Iraq, for example, the government is now dominated by Shiites. In Syria, Iran (and Russia) have prevented Sunni rebels from overthrowing President Bashar al-Assad, whose Alawite sect derives from Shiism. In Lebanon, the Iran-sponsored Shiite terrorist group Hezbollah effectively runs the government.
Now in Yemen, Riyadh seems justifiably to fear that Tehran is seeking to establish a permanent presence on Saudi Arabia's southern border to encircle the Kingdom — possibly as part of a broader strategy to take control of Saudi oil fields and holy sites, Mecca and Medina — to upend the balance of power in the Middle East.
Iran's rhetoric has only fueled those concerns. After the Houthi takeover of Saana in September 2014, for example, Iranian Lawmaker Ali Reza Zakani, a trusted adviser to Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, boasted that Sanaa had become the fourth Arab capital under Iranian control. Sanaa, he said, now joins "three Arab capitals [Beirut, Baghdad and Damascus] which have ended up in the hands of Iran and belong to the Iranian Islamic revolution" and "the greater jihad." He added:
"The Yemeni revolution will not be confined to Yemen alone. It will extend, following its success, into Saudi territories. The Yemeni-Saudi vast borders will help accelerate its reach into the depths of Saudi land."
In November 2016, the chief of staff of the Iranian armed forces, General Mohammad Hossein Baqeri, speaking at a gathering of naval commanders, said that Iran would like to set up naval bases in Yemen:
"We need distant bases, and it may become possible one day to have bases on the shores of Yemen or Syria, or bases on islands or floating bases. Is having distant bases less than nuclear technology? I say it is worth dozens of times more."
Some analysts have argued that while the West's attention has been focused on Iran's nuclear program to the exclusion of everything else, it has ignored Tehran's efforts to solidify its control over the Middle East. Analyst David Daoud observed:
"The West sees nuclear weapons as Iran's ultimate goal. But the Islamic Republic is not so simple-minded. Nuclear weapons are only one aspect of a multi-faceted strategy aimed at achieving regional hegemony. Particularly since the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq, Iran's expansionist policies have gone into overdrive. By supplying arms and training to various proxies helpful to its interests and using them to carry out terrorist campaigns around the Middle East and beyond, Iran has exponentially increased the region's instability and then taken advantage of the chaos."
The head of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps' (IRGC) Quds Force, Qasem Soleimani, has hinted that Tehran's long-term objective is to become a world power by gaining control over the global oil supply. In a February 2014 interview with Fars News, he said:
"The Shia crescent is not political. The Shia crescent is an economic crescent — and the most important economic issue in the world is oil. We know that 70% of global oil reserves are located in Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, where 80% of the oil is located in Shiite areas of the country such as ​​Dammam and Qatif."
Middle East analyst Raman Ghavami wrote:
"Yemen is not an isolated war but intrinsically linked to Iran's wider regional strategy. Unless this aspect begins to be highlighted more insistently, it is difficult to see any lasting peace in Yemen — a treaty could be signed, but as Iran faces other problems it could return to destabilizing Yemen because it is a crucial part of Iran's Shia Crescent into Saudi Arabia."
The importance of Yemen's geostrategic location at the entrance to the Red Sea and across from the Horn of Africa was noted by retired IDF Lt.-Col. Michael (Mickey) Segall:
"Iran views Yemen, in general, and the northern Shia sector in particular, as a convenient staging ground for subversive activity against Saudi Arabia, its main religious-political rival in the Middle East, via the Saudis' 'backyard.'
"Iran also sees Yemen as an important factor in its policy of establishing a physical Iranian presence, both ground and naval, in the countries and ports of the Red Sea littoral, which control the shipping lanes that lead from the Persian Gulf to the heart of the Middle East and onward to Europe.
"If the Shia rebels gain control of the Bab al-Mandeb Strait, Iran can attain a foothold in this sensitive region giving access to the Red Sea and the Suez Canal, a cause of concern not only for its sworn rivals Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the Gulf states, but also for Israel and European countries along the Mediterranean."
Iran and the Houthis
Analysts are divided on the question of how much influence Iran wields over the Houthis. Some say that the Houthis are fiercely independent and are more an ally to Iran than an actual proxy in the mold of Hezbollah. Iran's ideological and religious influence on the Houthis, nevertheless, has been documented:
Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi, the founder and chief ideologue of the Houthi movement, lived for a time in Qom, the main city in Iran for Shia religious studies, where he is said to have focused on the works of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the Iranian revolution, who in 1979 transformed Iran into an Islamic theocracy.
Al-Houthi reportedly believed that Yemen should be modeled on the Islamic Republic of Iran. One of his books is called "Iran in the Philosophy of Hussein Houthi."
The Houthi movement's anti-American and anti-Semitic slogan — "Allahu Akbar! Death to America! Death to Israel! Curse the Jews! Victory to Islam!" — appears to have been inspired by Khomeini, who had popularized the call for "Death to America" during the Iranian revolution.
Iran has been shipping weapons to the Houthis since at least 2009, according to a 2015 report by a UN Panel of Experts. "Current military Iranian support to Houthis in Yemen is consistent with patterns of arms transfers going back to more than five years to date," the UN report said.
The UN document, presented to the Security Council's Iran Sanctions Committee in June 2015, reported that in April 2009, an unnamed Iranian vessel unloaded crates of weapons onto Yemeni boats. The crates were then delivered in batches to the Saada Governate, where the Houthi movement is based.
In October 2009, Yemeni authorities seized an Iranian ship, the Mahan 1, which was believed to be carrying weapons for the Houthis.
In February 2011, Yemen authorities intercepted an Iranian fishing vessel in Yemeni territorial waters. The vessel was carrying "900 Iranian-made anti-tank and anti-helicopter rockets," apparently intended for Houthi rebels.
In June 2012, an Iranian ship, the Imdad 1, sailed from an Iranian military port in Bandar Abbas to Yemen. The vessel was carrying weapons, which were unloaded into small boats and taken to Ash Shirh, a small port in southern Yemen, and then delivered to Houthis in the Saada Governate.
In January 2013, a joint US-Yemen patrol intercepted an Iranian ship, the Jihan 1, which was carrying 40 tons of weapons, including surface-to-air missiles, destined for Houthi insurgents. A UN Monitoring Report later indicated that some of the cargo may have been bound for al-Shabaab militants in Somalia.
In December 2014, the Reuters news agency confirmed — from Yemeni, Western and Iranian sources — that Iran had been supplying weapons, money and training to the Houthis before and after their takeover of Sanaa. The report said that Houthis were receiving military training in Iran and Lebanon. "We think there is cash, some of which is channeled via Hezbollah and sacks of cash arriving at the airport," a Western source said. "The numbers of those going for training are enough for us to worry about."
A senior Iranian official told Reuters that the Quds Force — the external arm of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps — had a "few hundred" military personnel in Yemen in 2014 to train Houthi fighters. He added:
"Everything is about the balance of power in the region. Iran wants a powerful Shiite presence in the region that is why it has got involved in Yemen as well."
A Yemeni official had then shown Reuters a breakdown of the cargo of the Jihan 1. It included Katyusha rockets, heat-seeking surface-to-air missiles, Russian-made rocket-propelled grenade launchers, Iranian-made night vision goggles and artillery systems that can track land and navy targets 40 kilometers (25 miles) away. There were also silencers, nearly three tons of RDX explosives, C-4 explosives, ammunition, bullets and electrical transistors. Reuters concluded:
"The assertions are likely to reinforce Saudi, and Western, fears that Iran is exploiting turmoil between Sunni and Shiite Muslims in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Bahrain and now Yemen."
In March 2015, Tehran announced the beginning of an "air bridge" between Iran and Sanaa with a twice-daily shuttle service operated by Mahan Air, an Iranian government-controlled airline used by the IRGC Quds Force to ferry trainers and equipment to warzones. Hundreds of Hezbollah operatives, as well as members of the Iranian military, were said to have been transported from Yemen to Iran and back.
In September 2015, the Australian Navy intercepted a dhow containing anti-tank guided munitions, tripods, launch tubes, launcher assembly units and missile guidance sets. The weapons were reportedly destined for Houthi rebels in Yemen.
In February 2016, Saudi Arabia stopped a ship that was carrying military communications equipment under the guise of carrying medical supplies. The vessel, which was on its way to Houthi rebels in Yemen, began its journey in the southern Iranian port of Bandar Abbas. Also that month, the Australian Navy intercepted a dhow that was carrying 2,000 AK-47s, 100 RPG launchers, and other weapons.
In March 2016, U.S. Navy ships in the Arabian Sea seized an arms shipment from Iran likely bound for Houthi fighters. The weapons seized were hidden on a small dhow and included 1,500 AK-47 rifles, 200 rocket-propelled grenade launchers, and 21 machine guns. Also that month, a French destroyer seized almost 2,000 AK-47s, dozens of Dragunov sniper rifles, nine antitank missiles, and other equipment.
In November 2016, the UK-based think tank Conflict Armament Research (CAR) reported the existence of an arms "pipeline" originating in Iran and extending to Yemen and Somalia:
"CAR's analysis of the seized materiel, and its investigations into the dhow trade around the Horn of Africa, suggests the existence of a weapon pipeline extending from Iran to Somalia and Yemen, which involves the transfer, by dhow, of significant quantities of Iranian-manufactured weapons and weapons that plausibly derive from Iranian stockpiles."
In October 2016, Reuters reported that Iran had increased weapons transfers to the Houthis through Oman, which neighbors Yemen.
In March 2017, Reuters noted that Iran had stepped up its support for the Houthis by sending advanced weapons and military advisers to Yemen. A senior Iranian official said that Major General Qasem Soleimani, commander of the Quds Force, met top IRGC officials in Tehran in February 2017 to look at ways to "empower" the Houthis. "At this meeting, they agreed to increase the amount of help, through training, arms and financial support," the official said. "Yemen is where the real proxy war is going on and winning the battle in Yemen will help define the balance of power in the Middle East."
Also that month, CAR reported that Iran was supplying the Houthis with "kamikaze" drones to attack Saudi-led coalition missile defense systems:
"The use of these unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) illustrates the Houthi and Saleh-aligned forces' ability to employ low-cost technology against the Coalition's sophisticated military assets. Their acquisition of Iranian-designed Qasef-1 UAVs supports allegations that Iran continues to bolster the capacity of Houthi and Saleh-aligned forces through the transfer of new technology and advanced weaponry."
In August 2017, Reuters disclosed that Iran had begun smuggling weapons into Yemen via Kuwait in an effort to evade an international arms embargo on the Houthis. Using this new route, Iranian ships were said to be transferring equipment to smaller vessels in the northern Persian Gulf, where they would face less scrutiny. The transshipments were reportedly taking place in Kuwaiti waters and nearby international shipping lanes. "Parts of missiles, launchers and drugs are smuggled into Yemen via Kuwaiti waters," a senior Iranian official told Reuters. "The route sometimes is used for transferring cash as well." The official added that "what is especially smuggled recently, or to be precise in the past six months, are parts of missiles that cannot be produced in Yemen."
In November 2017, Houthi rebels launched a missile strike at the Saudi capital Riyadh, targeting King Khalid International Airport. The missile used was a Burkan-2, which is based on the Iranian Qiam ballistic missile. The attack demonstrated that the Houthis were capable of reaching deep into Saudi territory.
In March 2018, CAR reported that Iran was supplying the Houthis with sophisticated radio-controlled improvised explosive devices (RCIEDs):
"The specific components of the RCIEDs employed by Houthi forces in Yemen are identical to components in an RCIED seized by Bahraini security forces from Iranian-backed militants and documented by CAR in Bahrain. These components are also identical to those interdicted by Yemeni security forces on board the Jihan 1 cargo vessel, while en route from Iran, in 2013."
In January 2018, a UN Panel of Experts report on Yemen noted:
"The Panel has identified missile remnants, related military equipment and military unmanned aerial vehicles that are of Iranian origin and were brought into Yemen after the imposition of the targeted arms embargo. As a result, the Panel finds that the Islamic Republic of Iran is in non-compliance with paragraph 14 of resolution 2216 (2015) in that it failed to take the necessary measures to prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer of Borkan-2H short-range ballistic missiles, field storage tanks for liquid bipropellant oxidizer for missiles and Ababil-T (Qasef-1) unmanned aerial vehicles to the then Houthi-Saleh alliance."
On March 25, 2018, Saudi air defenses intercepted seven ballistic missiles fired by Houthi rebels at Riyadh, where one man was killed from debris, as well as at the southern cities of Najran, Jizan and Khamis Mushait. Two weeks later, on April 11, 2018, Saudi air defense forces intercepted a ballistic missile over Riyadh. Houthi media outlets said that the missile was targeted at the Saudi defense ministry.
In May 2018, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) imposed sanctions on five Iranian individuals who "provided ballistic missile-related technical expertise to Yemen's Houthis, and who transferred weapons not seen in Yemen prior to the current conflict, on behalf of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Qods Force (IRGC-QF)."
In July 2018, Houthi leaders reportedly ordered their followers and loyalists in rebel-controlled government institutions, including schools and universities, to organize seminars and events to commemorate the Iranian Revolution. The streets of Sanaa were decorated with posters encouraging the people to repeat Khomeini chants. The rebels also dispatched convoys mounted with loudspeakers to broadcast recordings by Houthi founder, Hussein al-Houthi, and his brother and their current leader, Abdul Malek.
In November 2018, the US special representative for Iran, Brian Hook, provided evidence of Iranian missile proliferation to Yemen. He showed the remains of Sayyad-2C surface-to-air missile intercepted in Yemen by Saudi Arabia. The missile, emblazoned with the words "The Hunter Missile" in Farsi, was evidently intended for the Houthis. Hook said that Iran also is exporting antitank guided missiles: Toophan missiles were seized aboard a dhow ship in the Persian Gulf, and Towsan missiles were found by Saudi Arabia during a raid in Yemen.
In January 2019, Houthi rebels used an Iranian-supplied drone to attack a pro-government military parade at the Al-Anad military base. Yemen's chief of military intelligence, Major General Mohammad Saleh Tamah, and the Yemeni army's deputy chief of staff, Major General Saleh Al-Zindani, died of wounds sustained in the attack. The attack proved Iran's role in arming the rebels with drone and ballistic missile technology.
On January 25, a UN Panel of Experts report on Yemen revealed that fuel was being shipped illegally from Iran to Houthi rebels to finance their war against the Yemeni government. The report also said that the panel "has traced the supply to the Houthis of unmanned aerial vehicles and a mixing machine for rocket fuel and found that individuals and entities of Iranian origin have funded the purchase."
In February 2019, U.S. Ambassador to Yemen Matthew Tueller accused Iran of "throwing gasoline on the fire" of conflicts across the Middle East:
"We see Iran as one of the major forces that is trying to foster instability. Step back for a moment and look at what we have in Yemen. We have a non-state actor, a militia, that has overthrown the government, and yet it is receiving arms, equipment and a support from a state, Iran."
In March 2019, Saudi-led coalition forces reported that during the month they had shot down four Iranian-supplied drones.
Hezbollah and the Houthis
In addition to direct support from Iran, Houthi rebels are also receiving help from the Iranian proxy, Hezbollah.
In 2014, for instance, several Hezbollah operatives were arrested in Yemen and held on charges of training Houthi rebels. The men were members of Hezbollah's Unit 3800, an expeditionary militia modelled on the Iranian Quds Force and aimed at spreading Iran's revolution to other countries.
Earlier, in August 2013, the U.S. Department of the Treasury had sanctioned a former Hezbollah commander, Khalil Harb, for his command of Hezbollah activities in Yemen from 2012 onward. Harb had been found responsible for the movement of "large amounts of currency" to Yemen. Hezbollah also helped the Houthis establish their first satellite television channel, Al Masirah TV, which is based in Beirut's Hezbollah-controlled southern suburbs.
In May 2015, the Financial Times reported that ties between Hezbollah and the Houthis stretch back over a decade and that hundreds of Lebanese and Iranian advisors have provided training to Houthi fighters in Yemen. "This is not a relationship with one side in control and the other mindlessly following," a Houthi operative interviewed in Beirut said. "We exchange experience and ideology. We have our own character, our own way of doing things. The goal is not to build a Hezbollah model in Yemen."
In February 2016, Yemeni President Hadi claimed that he had received a letter from Hezbollah Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah that read, "Our fighters arrived in Yemen to teach the Yemeni people the essence of governing."
Also that month, the Saudi Arabia-owned Al Arabiya news network posted a video of what it claimed was a meeting between Hezbollah commander Abu Saleh and Houthi forces in Yemen. The video shows a man in military fatigues addressing a group in Lebanese-accented Arabic about training for "martyrdom" operations inside Saudi Arabia.
In March 2016, an unnamed Hezbollah commander interviewed by the magazine Foreign Affairs about his group's support for the Houthis remarked: "After we are done with Syria, we will start with Yemen, Hezbollah is already there.... Who do you think fires Tochka missiles into Saudi Arabia? It's not the Houthis in their sandals, it's us."
In June 2018, Saudi-led coalition forces said that they had killed eight Hezbollah fighters in the mountainous Saada region in north-western Yemen. Coalition spokesman Colonel Turki al-Maliki said the Hezbollah fighters were part of a group heading to the Saudi border when they were spotted:
"Terrorist members from Hezbollah and from the Iranian regime are coming to help the rebels launch ballistic missiles and train them in combat. Both Iran and Hezbollah must stop sending military experts to Yemen."
In August 2018, Hezbollah revealed that its leader, Hassan Nasrallah, had met with a delegation headed by Houthi spokesman Mohamad Abdelsalam to discuss the war in Yemen.
Conclusion
Although questions remain about the degree to which Iran can control or influence Houthi behavior, the ongoing war in Yemen has increased the Houthis dependence on weapons and financial support from Iran, whose position in Yemen is stronger than ever.
Since the October 2018 murder of Saudi dissident Jamal Khashoggi in Istanbul, the tide of world opinion has turned against Saudi Arabia — a turn of events Iran will be sure to exploit. Even if the warring sides eventually reach a peace agreement, Iran's presence in Yemen is unlikely to diminish anytime soon.
Current affairs analyst Gerald M. Feierstein noted:
"Hard-line elements [in Iran] appear to see the continuation of the conflict [in Yemen] as a relatively low-cost and low-risk means of sustaining political, economic, and military pressure on the Saudis. Saudi Arabia's intervention has reportedly cost between $5 billion and $6 billion a month, while Iran's expenditures in Yemen probably total only millions a year."
Yemeni Foreign Minister Khaled al-Yemany has accused Iran of ordering the Houthis not to implement the Stockholm Agreement, aimed at winding down the conflict, after first directing the Houthis to accept the agreement:
"The Houthis' intransigence confirms their loyalty to Iran's negotiating tactics. These usually begin with implicit approval of negotiating solutions, followed by complete retraction in order to force the international community to make more concessions and impose a fait accompli on the Yemeni government and Arab coalition."
Even without Iranian pressure, as the UN panel of experts has observed, the Houthis have little incentive to cooperate:
"The Houthis believe that they only have to survive and outlast the Saudi Arabia-led coalition in order to 'win' the war, which limits their willingness to negotiate. The Saudi Arabia-led coalition, on the other hand, is faced with four broad choices: (a) unilaterally cease hostilities and leave the Houthis in control; (b) mount a massive ground invasion with no guarantee of success and certain casualties; (c) continue to carry out airstrikes and hope for different results [after four years of fighting] .... or (d) attempt to resurrect ... an anti-Houthi coalition.... The Panel does not believe that any side is in a position to secure an outright military victory."
Yemeni President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi has said that he will not allow Iran to establish a "Persian" state in Yemen. The UN panel of experts, however, has concluded that Yemen's ability to remove the Houthis (much less the Iranians) from northern Yemen is limited: "The authority of the legitimate Government of Yemen has now eroded to the point that it is doubtful whether it will ever be able to reunite Yemen as a single country."
*Soeren Kern is a Senior Fellow at the New York-based Gatestone Institute.
© 2019 Gatestone Institute. All rights reserved. The articles printed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editors or of Gatestone Institute.

Why Do Qatar, Turkey Defend the Revolutionary Guards?
Salman Al-dossary/Asharq Al Awsat/April 11/19
http://eliasbejjaninews.com/archives/73752/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%B9/
Our region is going through a historic phase. Important decisions are made to reorganize chaos. History will not overlook those who stood with terrorism and those who fought it; those who claimed to be combating extremism while being in the same trench.
One of the most revealing stances of regional countries’ orientation is the attack by Qatar and Turkey on the US decision to include the Iranian Revolutionary Guards on its terrorism list. Yes, Qatar and Turkey defend the terrorist group that has carried out hostile activities in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Afghanistan, Argentina, Germany, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Kenya, Bahrain and Kuwait.
Qatar and Turkey defend the terrorist group that planned in 2011 a terrorist attack targeting the Saudi ambassador in Washington on US soil. Qatar and Turkey defend the terrorist group that a US federal court in 2011 charged with the bombing of Khobar Towers in 1996, which killed 19 Americans.
Finally, Qatar and Turkey defend the terrorist group, which continues to provide financial and material support, training and advanced-technology and conventional weapons to a wide range of terrorist organizations, including Hezbollah, Hezbollah’s Brigades in Iraq and Al-Ashtar Brigades in Bahrain, and other terrorist groups in Syria and across the Gulf.
No one disagrees with the famous saying: There is no specific definition for terrorism. It is somewhat correct and logical. However, certain countries went as far as covering a well-established terrorist group against which legal charges were made, and proven killings were established. This is a new situation in the world that brings us back to four decades ago, when countries such as Gaddafi’s Libya, Saddam Hussein’s Iraq and some south American countries, publicly supported groups that hijack aircraft, terrorize civilians and assassinate opponents.
If there are countries that demand that the Revolutionary Guards be given the legitimacy of not being held accountable for their crimes, it would be possible to do the same with Al-Nusra Front, for example.
All of them are terrorists and all of them are supported by states. We will not be surprised to see that those, who defend the Revolutionary Guards today, will also back Al-Nusra Front, even though they are currently doing so through their multimedia tools and platforms in Qatar and Turkey in particular.
But why do Qatar and Turkey take the risk to stand up against the majority of the world’s countries and express their support for the Guards? In my opinion, this revolutionary position is due to three reasons. The first is that the Turkish-Iranian-Qatari alliance does not allow for public criticism by any of these three countries against the other.
Second, Iran will not accept its allies to abandon it in such circumstances and in response, can take measures against their interests. The third reason is that both Qatar and Turkey are gradually raising the ceiling against US interests, considering that the current confrontation against Iran was provoked by Trump’s administration, and thus, they are betting on the possibility to face the storm until Trump leaves the White House in around two years. Such bet is very similar to that of a person, who dumps his savings in Las Vegas casinos and then awaits great profits.
Imagine that the Turkish foreign minister says: “Such decisions (classifying the Revolutionary Guards as a terrorist group) would lead to instability in our region.” His Qatari counterpart goes as far as to consider the decision as “unilateral” and says: “Iran has a regional and geographical position, which requires us to look at them differently.”
The joint Turkish-Qatari position is nothing but an explicit expression of the efforts of the Turkish-Qatari-Iranian coalition to establish the “safe havens” project for terrorist groups. This means that the governments turn a blind eye because they have common objectives with terrorists, as in Iraq, Lebanon or Syria. These countries make implicit deals with terrorists as long as their actions are not directed against these governments and are consistent with their interests.
Without a strong international campaign against “safe havens” for terrorists, efforts will be scattered and useless. What is the benefit of an international coalition against terrorism while countries such as Turkey, Qatar and Iran give it legitimacy and a legal cover?!

How Populists Can Ruin a Global Recovery
Ferdinando Giugliano/Bloomberg View/April 11/19
There is a strange sound of relief coming out of the International Monetary Fund.
The IMF has slashed its global growth forecasts to the lowest level since the financial crisis, but it also believes policy makers may have stepped in just in time to avoid a turn for the worse.
Central bankers deserve credit for pausing on their long road back to a more normal monetary policy. This has helped to bring some calm to financial markets and may help to lift growth in the second half of this year. But it’s illusory to think that the monetary authorities can save the global economy as they did in the wake of the Great Recession. From Europe to the US, if politicians decide to mess things up, there is little to stop them.
The IMF cut its global growth estimates for 2019 to 3.3 percent from 3.5 percent in January, the lowest level since 2009. The twice-yearly World Economic Outlook notes the sharp slowdown at the end of last year, but forecasts a pick up in the second half of 2019. World output is forecast to expand by 3.6 percent in 2020, in line with expectations from three months ago.
The IMF says the return of central bank accommodation has helped to ease financial conditions. The US Federal Reserve has stopped raising interest rates since December, as there is no sign inflation is overheating in spite of a robust labor market. The European Central Bank in March pushed back its first interest rate rise until at least next year, as it launched a new program of cheap loans to banks.
These decisions – however wise – are a sideshow to the real risks facing the world economy. Gone are the days when central bankers were the masters of the universe, with the power to lift the global outlook if only they deployed the right instrument. The election of populist administrations, from the US to Italy, has put politicians back at the center of the economic scene and, unfortunately, not for good reasons.
The IMF identifies three main areas where politicians have the potential to do serious harm to the global economy. The first is global commerce: President Donald Trump has already caused havoc in the financial markets with his trade confrontation with China. He is now threatening to do the same with the EU. Trade wars do not just put a brake on the growth of exports, as foreign demand collapses. They also undermine confidence generally, leading to lower business investment. While central banks can ease monetary policy to encourage companies to borrow, this is insufficient so long as uncertainty persists. As the economy slows, the labor market also cools, putting a further brake on internal demand.
The second risk relates to a possible no-deal Brexit, which the IMF estimates could plunge the UK into a recession. Here politicians are only partly to blame: After all, Britons chose to leave the EU in a referendum. But the nation’s political class has spent the period since the vote dithering and postponing crucial choices, which have pushed Britain beyond the original departing line without a clear plan on what to do. Until a final agreement is found, a “no deal” Brexit is still possible. This has the potential to cause severe harm to the British economy. For example, a sharp increase in trade barriers to trade with the European Union would be devastating, and the Bank of England would have no powers to stop this.
Finally, there is Italy. The IMF believes its uncertain fiscal outlook and the existing “doom loop” between the banks and the sovereign still have the potential to cause havoc in the financial markets. Last autumn, the Italian government averted a full-blown confrontation with the European Commission, which helped to push down its bond yields. But Italy’s politicians, particularly Matteo Salvini and Luigi Di Maio, are back discussing plans for new fiscal giveaways. These include a cut in income taxes, which they like to refer to as a “flat tax.”
The government needs to come up with a credible plan to keep the budget deficit and public debt under control. For now, it continues to rely on a raft of VAT increases for the coming years – but officials also vow this will not happen. The European Central Bank has strict limits on assistance it can provide, and would only be able to offer support if politicians signed up to a program of fiscal restraint and reforms. Once again, central bankers would be able to do little if politicians chose not to play along.
The future of the global economy now depends on a new crop of anti-establishment politicians. Given their recent track record, that’s not an encouraging prospect.

Trump Offers Clarity on Iran’s Terrorist Aims

Eli Lake/Bloomberg View/April 11/19
For more than 30 years, successive US administrations have called Iran what it is: a state sponsor of terrorism. Leaders of its military and intelligence agencies have been sanctioned, while the terror groups Iran supports have faced military action as well as sanctions.
Until now, however, the main organization responsible for founding, funding and training many of these groups has not been placed in the same category as its clients like Hezbollah. On Monday, President Donald Trump upended that precedent and designated Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, known as the IRGC, as a foreign terrorist organization.
This is a dramatic escalation with real consequences. There is a difference between saying a state is a sponsor of terrorism and calling an arm of a state an actual terrorist organization. The designation will make the IRGC even more financially toxic than it already is, says Mark Dubowitz, the chief executive of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies.
The threshold is now lower for proving that someone is providing material support to the IRGC. The designation also makes any non-Iranians who wittingly or unwittingly do business with the IRGC vulnerable to having their US visas revoked. This is an even more powerful disincentive for Europeans to invest in Iran, says Dubowitz, because the IRGC’s tentacles reach into most aspects of Iran’s economy.
Since the 1979 Iranian revolution, the IRGC, and particularly its elite Quds Force, have been devoted to spreading that revolution abroad. Despite the efforts of past US administrations, Iran has never ended its support for terrorist organizations. Indeed, following the completion of negotiations over Iran’s nuclear program in 2015, the IRGC became even more aggressive in supporting terrorist proxies in Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Yemen.
All that said, there are two basic objections to this move. The first is that this designation may provoke Iran to target US forces. Dan Coats, the director of national intelligence, obliquely made this point in testimony to Congress in January. “We assess that unprofessional interactions conducted by the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) Navy against US ships in the Persian Gulf, which have been less frequent during the past year, could resume should Iran seek to project an image of strength in response to US pressure,” he said. The New York Times reports similar worries among other top military and intelligence officials.
Make no mistake: These threats are real. Already, Iranian government officials have promised a response to the designation. The mistake is thinking that pressure alone is provocative to Tehran. So are entreaties. In the days leading up to the final implementation of the nuclear deal in 2016, for example, the IRGC briefly took US sailors hostage and released a humiliating video of the incident after they were released.
The second objection is the designation further undermines the 2015 Iran nuclear deal. A progressive group chaired by alumni of the Obama administration made this point in a Twitter thread Monday. They say it’s an effort to deter investment in Iran and possibly provoke the Iranians into breaking the deal’s limits on uranium enrichment, with which they have largely abided since Trump vacated the deal nearly a year ago.
Some see this objection as a point in Trump’s favor. “It makes it much more difficult for a Democratic president to go back into the Iran deal in 2021,” says Dubowitz, who favors the designation. Any future administration would have to make a determination that the IRGC was out of the terrorism business.
Determining that the IRGC is no longer engaged in terrorism is about as likely as determining that the IRS is no longer engaged in collecting taxes. It’s in the organization’s nature. This is why Trump’s statement said the designation “underscores the fact that Iran’s actions are fundamentally different from those of other governments.”
This is a point that the narrow nuclear agreement, by dealing only with Iran’s nuclear program and not its support for terrorism, tried to evade. Now the US government has formally recognized that a key part of Iran’s military is legally indistinguishable from the terrorist groups it has been sponsoring for decades. Trump’s strategy, unlike his predecessor’s, begins with the premise that Iran is an outlaw state — and treats it as such until it changes its behavior.

The Awful Country That Everyone Wants to Move To?
Justin Fox/Asharq Al Awsat/April 11/19
Mercer, the global human resources consulting firm, this week released its 21st annual Quality of Living list, which ranks cities around the world based on economic conditions, housing, health care, public services, safety, natural environment and other metrics. For the 10th year in a row, Vienna came out on top, with Zurich, Vancouver, Munich, Auckland, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Copenhagen, Geneva and Basel rounding out the top 10. The top US city on the list was San Francisco, all the way down in 34th place. London, the top UK city, was at 41st — tied with Milan, the top Italian city. Paris was 39th, New York 44th, Tokyo 49th, Beijing 120th, Baghdad 231st and last.
When I posted some of these results on Twitter, it occasioned lots of fun discussion and debate from people appalled that Ottawa ranked so high(19th) or Seoul so low (77th) or that so many of the cities near the top of the list are so ... boring. I also got a bunch of responses, starting with one from Hoover Institution economist (and super-podcaster) Russell Roberts, that effectively asked, “If the quality of living is so low in US cities, why do so many people from around the world keep trying to move here?”
It’s a good question! Part of the explanation is simply that Mercer’s Quality of Living rankings exist to help corporate clients make decisions ranging from “where to establish offices to determining how to distribute, house and remunerate their global workforces,” as Ilya Bonic, president of the firm’s careers business, put it in the news release that accompanied this year’s ranking. That is, the list measures where skilled managers and professionals with families, good salaries and ample benefits packages who are assigned or recruited to a new city by a multinational firm might find the transition easiest and most pleasant. Most immigrants to the US (or to anywhere) aren’t in that boat!
But the notion that people all over the world are itching to move to the US and not to any other rich countries is mistaken. All but three of the countries with cities that outranked San Francisco on the Mercer list have higher percentages of foreign-born residents than the US.
Luxembourg is so tiny (population 602,005) that it seems a little silly to include here, and most of these other countries are much smaller than the US, which has far and away the largest number of foreign-born residents of any country 1 and remains the top destination country for new immigrants. But Australia, Canada, Germany and the UK, which combined have about two-thirds the population of the US, together took in 23 percent more immigrants from 2010 to 2016 than the US did.
Those immigrants did not, it must be said, include droves of Americans looking to score some of that higher quality of life in Europe, Canada or the Antipodes. As economist-turned-supersonic-jet-booster Eli Dourado wrote a few months ago:
Not only are there relatively few US-born residents of Sweden, but there are also more than twice as many Swedish-born residents of the US. Something similar is true of almost all the other countries from the above chart.
There are a bunch of reasons why these disparities don’t necessarily mean that the quality-of-life rankings are wrong or that Nordic social democracy is a sham. One is that the Americans who would benefit most from Nordic social democracy — poor people — generally can’t afford to go to Europe, and they would have a hard time getting permission to stay there. By contrast, the Europeans who could benefit most from the lower taxes and higher top incomes of the US tend to be well-educated, entrepreneurial sorts who can afford to come here and often are allowed to stay. Also, most Europe-born residents of the US have been here for quite a while: 65 percent arrived before 2000, and 36.7 percent of those from northern and western Europe were 65 and older in 2017, compared with 14.9 percent of the overall US population. Finally, Swedes can speak English. Few Americans speak Swedish.
That language disparity gets at something crucial. Since World War II, the US has been the planet’s central cultural, economic, military, political, scientific and technological power. For many of those born to affluence in other countries who now live in the US, that’s why they came here: It’s where the action was. Unless they wanted to be, say, soccer stars, ambitious US citizens had far less reason to emigrate — and US citizens also had less interest in and knowledge of the outside world than the outside world had in and of them.
The world is getting less US-centric, though. If you adjust for purchasing power, China now has a bigger economy. Universities elsewhere have been chipping away at US research dominance. The current US president has been actively downgrading this country’s global political role. So it stands to reason that the US might exert less automatic attractive power going forward, and that factors like quality of life might play a bigger role in determining whether people come here or not.
For those hoping to stay, the US also has a good (if far from spotless) track record of integrating immigrants into its labor force and society, which can’t be said of some continental European nations. Lots of people are still going to want to come to the US. But that doesn’t mean we should ignore experts bearing tidings that we’re second-rate.

Russian Permanent Representative to the United Nations Vasily Nebenzya: Iran and Turkey Will Leave Syria, Russia’s UN Ambassador Tells Asharq Al-Awsat

New York - Ali Barada/ Asharq Al-Awsat/April, 11/2019
In his first ever interview with an Arab media outlet, Russian Permanent Representative to the United Nations Vasily Nebenzya said that the world order "has been the same" since its inception following the Second World War despite the emergence of "new centers of power." However, he acknowledged "new challenges and threats" such as terrorism, drug trafficking and uncontrolled migration.
While defending the "legitimacy" of the Russian presence in Syria, he stressed that everyone, including the Iranians, Turks and others, should eventually leave that country. He asserted that the current situation in Idlib "cannot be held frozen forever," adding that the Astana process is "the only effective mechanism to achieve stability" in Syria, and expecting that the UN Special Envoy Geir Pedersen will "soon" announce the composition of the Constitutional Committee.
He said that Moscow had called for a "platform" to discuss regional problems in the Middle East and North Africa, and that will happen "sooner or later". He noted that UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has been advocating an idea similar to the "Helsinki process."
He revealed that intensive political contacts between the Russian and Saudi leaderships show that both Moscow and Riyadh consider that "the potential of conflict... has a very negative impact, not only on regional security, but also on global security and stability." He asserted the Russian Federation's appreciation to the role played by Saudi Arabia "as one of the most influential countries in the Middle East and the Gulf region" in many issues, particularly in Yemen, Syria and other countries in the region, pointing out that the Kingdom has a "very constructive role" in the Yemeni crisis.
In an interview with Asharq al-Awsat about the return of Russia in the last ten years as a superpower, the Russian diplomat, whose country has veto power, has spoken about other issues such as Libya, Venezuela and other crises in the world.
* Russia has reemerged in the past 10 years as a global superpower, including in the Middle East. We hear people talking about going back to the Cold War. Others may say: we’re heading towards a new world order. What are your insights?
- The central element of the system of global relations that emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War is the UN and its Charter.
A new world order was born every time after devastating wars. That was the case with the Peace of Westphalia, the Vienna Congress and the Concert of Nations or the United Nations. I would hate even to contemplate another similar reason for a new world order. As Albert Einstein once said: I don’t know what the weapons of a Third World War will be, but in the Fourth they will fight with sticks and stones.
We had tectonic events in the past, like crumbling down of a colonial system, the end of the Cold War and associated ideological divide. Yet nobody was saying that we entered a new world order then. And history didn’t end as Francis Fukuyama claimed.
Of course, things change. Balances of power shift. New centers of power emerge.
This is reflected in the debate on the reform of the UN Security Council where we advocate its manageable expansion with the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America, which are clearly underrepresented. However, there is another troubling trend. The art of compromise has been severely compromised in recent years. The unwillingness and inability to recognize that the world is not unipolar anymore, that it is not one-bloc dominated lead to attempts to create various “coalitions of the willing”, alliances of like-minded that pay lip service to international law while acting with total disregard to it. A new concept has been invented – “a rules-based order” which provides for the establishment of some “rules” cherished in a like-minded group, but unaccepted by a large part of the international community, let alone adopted anywhere.
Besides, new challenges and threats emerge, like terrorism, drug trafficking, uncontrolled migration. New political technologies are employed, like naming and shaming states whereby the accusation itself becomes the verdict. We live in what many call a “post-truth” world.
Still, regardless of this, the world order remains the same as it was created after World War II.
* Syria probably has been the clearer manifestation on Russia’s rise in today’s world. Have you accomplished your mission in Syria’s war? Do you expect Iran, Turkey, the US and others to leave Syria?
- Russia’s presence in Syria is legal. It is there on the request of the legitimate government to assist it in countering the terrorist threat. Iran, by the way, is present there legally too. No one else was invited, as we all know. All those who are present in Syria without invitation, should eventually leave the country.
Despite severe damage caused to ISIS in Syria, the terrorist threat is not completely eradicated and remains significant. Another terrorist group, Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (aka Nusra), has strengthened its positions in the North of Syria. It is now enclaved in Idlib, where Nusra militants established their rules and basically assumed the functions of local authorities. The situation cannot be held frozen forever. It should be addressed. That is why recently we have intensified contacts with our Turkish partners on the Idlib de-escalation zone. We fully realize that Idlib is home to a large civilian population, including IDPs from other parts of Syria. We know that they suffer under the rule of terrorists and dream to be spared of their “authority”. But of course, civilians should not become “collateral damage” of the legitimate fight against terrorists.
Our partners are urging the Syrian authorities and Astana guarantors to honor their agreements and spare civilians, alarming of a humanitarian disaster in case of large-scale hostilities. At the same time, they are not as consistent when they conduct military operations against terrorists in the Northeast of Syria where, as you know, a large number of civilians fell victim to aerial bombing of the Coalition.
* What do you expect specifically from the new UN special Envoy Geir Pedersen?
- We maintain dialogue with Special Envoy Geir Pedersen on the political settlement in Syria both bilaterally and through the Astana process. Astana format turned out to be the only effective mechanism to achieve stabilization “on the ground” in Syria. We stand ready to further assist the Special Envoy in making the political settlement sustainable. We expect that soon he will be able to announce the conclusion of the composition of the Constitutional Committee and to start its work. We count on the Special Envoy and hope he will establish trust with all the stakeholders while remaining impartial. This is the key to success for any mediator.
* You said that the Astana Process turned out to be the only effective mechanism on the ground. Do you want the Special Envoy to embrace the Astana Process?
- The Astana Process is part of a larger settlement, starting with UNSC resolution 2254 and through the Congress of National Dialogue, which gave birth to the Constitutional Committee. Special Envoy Pedersen is willing to participate in Astana, because this process discusses important issues, which he in particular is interested in, like prisoners exchange for example. As far as I know, he is planning to participate in the upcoming meeting in Astana, Nur Sultan now, on the 25-26 of this month.
* Mentioning the name of Kazakhstan capital, is the name of the process going to be changed?
- No, they are keeping the name as the Astana Process.
* You also mentioned that the Constitutional Committee will be formed soon, when should we expect that?
- There is no exact timeline, but the Special Envoy himself said there are a few little brush strokes that have to be applied before he can announce that the issue is closed, and start the work of the Committee.
* What would you say about what happened recently regarding the US recognition of Golan as part of Israel? Are you in Russia trying not to touch anything in relation with Israel, including when they hit targets deep in Syria? The Russian army is there but not protecting Syria’s sovereignty when it comes to Israel. You are asking all the uninvited to leave Syria except the Russians, the Iranians and the Israelis.
- I think we will eventually go too when time is right and when the conditions are ripe, and we will do this in consultation with the Syrian government. Iranians are there legitimately too because they were invited. They will go when the Syrian government decides their assistance is no longer necessary.
* They will leave?
- I think eventually all should leave when Syria is stabilized. But there are parties in Syria who were never invited there, like the US, the French and some others. Israel’s presence in the Golan began before the Syrian conflict. It is a long story. We never recognized Golan as part of Israel. It is part of Syria. We supported all the resolutions that say so. And indeed we condemned the US decision. But we are having good relations with Israel. Israel is our partner in the Middle East, as much as all the Arab states. We are lucky and proud that we are one of the major powers that enjoys good relations with anyone and everybody in the region without exception.
* What about Turkey?
- Yes, Turkey also was not invited. That’s true. But Turkey is an important partner in the Astana Process, in the process of the Syrian settlement. Turkey has its own concerns regarding its security. But, of course, we believe that eventually they will have to leave Syria as any other foreign presence in the country.
* What can you tell us about the remains of the Israeli soldier who what killed in Lebanon in 1982? What happened?
I don’t know the details but as President (Vladimir) Putin said openly; that was a Russian Special forces operation that made it possible to locate and excavate the remains…
* From Lebanon?
- Frankly, I don’t know where from. That was a great humanitarian gesture which was really much appreciated by the Israelis.
* How do you describe the situation of the Arab countries with Russia? How would Russia address the concerns regarding Iran’s meddling in the internal affairs of Arab countries?
- As I said Russia is in a privileged position among major powers to maintain close friendly relations with all Arab countries without exception. We interact both bilaterally and within such formats as “Russia-LAS” and “Russia- GCC”. We have established an effective political dialogue and exchange of views regarding the settlement of regional crises. Our commercial and economic ties are developing fast.
We are interested in the unity of the Arab world, which we advocate relentlessly. Power grows from unity. Regional problems can be effectively solved only on the basis of common approaches.
* There are a lot of questions about Iran’s role in the region. The US administration is raising its voice about Iran’s threats to other countries including Israel. Are you worried about any serious confrontations?
- Iran is a part of the region, not an alien entity. Iran has legitimate interests that go beyond its national borders and are aimed, among other things, at ensuring their national security. Arab States, Israel or Turkey – they all have such interests. The reason is in the transnational nature of global threats today.
You talk about threats that Iran poses. But don’t forget about the threats that Iran faces. Today they are clear and imminent. They are announced and proclaimed openly. Do you think Iran should not take them seriously? Unfortunately, recent steps and rhetoric from Washington, including withdrawal from the JCPOA and the initiation of large-scale sanction pressure only increase risks of escalating tensions and making further developments of the situation totally unpredictable.
As for the concerns about interference of Iran in the internal affairs of States in the Middle East, there are diverging views on this, even among the Arabs themselves.
Our approach can be described as very simple, even standard. All the countries of the region have their own interests. They should be taken into consideration. The only requirement is that those interests should be legitimate. If there are any concerns, they should be resolved by political and diplomatic means. For this, we need a convenient platform to discuss the whole range of existing problems.
Several years ago Russia proposed a security concept for the ... Gulf that envisages a dialogue platform for all the countries of the region, which would be eventually joined by other States of the Middle East and North Africa. This could be the first step towards establishing a regional security architecture that would help maintain peace and security in this part of the globe.
We are discussing this idea with our Arab friends. It has not been put into life yet, but it is going to happen sooner or later.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has been advocating a similar idea of a “Helsinki-type process” for the Middle East.
* Would you kindly describe the relations between Russia and Gulf countries, especially Saudi Arabia? How can the two countries cooperate to solve the current crises and strengthen the relationship politically and economically?
- Russia maintains friendly relations with all Arab States, including in the Gulf. Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov reiterated our commitment to step up interaction with these countries during his recent trip to KSA, Kuwait, Qatar and UAE.
Over recent years, we considerably increased our economic and political cooperation with Saudi Arabia. We coordinate our position on the situation on the world oil market through the “OPEC plus” process. Foreign Minister Lavrov discussed prospects of fostering cooperation during his visit to Saudi Arabia on March 4-5, where he was received by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, met with Saudi colleagues (Ibrahim) Al-Assaf and (Adel) Al-Jubeir.
Intense political contacts between the Russian and Saudi leaderships show that both Moscow and Riyadh proceed from the assumption that the remaining conflict potential in the Middle East and North Africa has an extremely negative impact not only on regional, but also on global security and stability. Both of us are firmly committed to combat terrorism in all of its manifestations and to eradicate terrorist ideology.
Russian and Saudi views on the Middle East settlement coincide, which lays the groundwork for further interaction. We support the two-State solution of the Palestinian issue that would rest on the international legal basis and the Arab peace initiative.
We coordinate activities on regional crisis settlement. We appreciate efforts of Riyadh to facilitate political settlement in Syria, specifically with regard to unifying the Syrian opposition. We share the understanding that the Syrian political process should be based on UN Security Council resolution 2254. We respect the views of Saudi Arabia and keep our friends updated about the work of the guarantors to the Astana process, including activities to establish the Constitutional Committee.
From the very beginning of the crisis in Yemen, we have maintained constructive dialogue with KSA and other members of the Arab coalition. We have unleashed and continuously use the potential of working contacts that the Russian side established with the stakeholders of the conflict, including “Ansar Allah”, in order to bring peace back to the country. Both Moscow and Riyadh support efforts of Special Envoy of the Secretary-General Martin Griffiths. We hope he will manage to achieve progress soon.
We will be enhancing our cooperation on all tracks. Saudi Arabia is one of the most influential States of the Middle East and the Gulf region.
* Are you avoiding a condemnation to sending arms to the Houthis in Yemen, or even mentioning resolution 2216, or targeting Saudi Arabia with ballistic missiles by the Houthis?
- We condemn targeting Saudi Arabia with missiles. We say it every time it happens, as it is inadmissible. On 2216, if you remember, we abstained because we were not in total agreement with some parts of the resolution but the resolution was adopted. We did not block it. On the arms procurement, Yemen is a country which was full of arms since before the conflict started and nobody yet gave a hundred percent proof that they still continue to obtain weapons directly from Iran. They have other means to equip themselves. They are armed beyond their needs. Yemen is a country which was a market for arms even in the old times. Everybody was competing to procure arms to Yemen, including the Soviet Union. So they are not in dire need of arms.
* Are you hopeful the situation will be solved?
- It is all very difficult there, of course. But what plays favorably is the unity of the UN Security Council on it, the strong push from the Security Council to resolve the conflict politically. The way the coalition approached it, especially recently. We know that the coalition, Saudi Arabia in particular, plays a very constructive role. We support what Martin Griffiths is doing. It is a job next to impossible, mission impossible, but he is trying to navigate in those very difficult circumstances aggravated by complete and total mistrust by the parties, which is one of the reasons why the Stockholm agreements were not realized till the present day on Hodeidah and the other ports. Of course, it is very important to continue steps towards the political settlement. These steps should not be hostage to reach the implementation of the agreement on Hodeidah. But implementing Hodeidah is very important. We are working to make it happen.
* We saw media reports that Russia is supporting General (Khalifa) Haftar in Libya. Is that the case?
- Don’t believe the media (laughter). Russia supports Libya’s reconciliation and the national unity. Haftar is a very important player, but there are other parties in that country that play an important role. We are not siding with any particular party in Libya. We hope that recent developments will not lead to violence and be resolved peacefully through political dialogue.
* Russia has bitter memories in Libya because of how the Gaddafi regime was deposed by the west in 2011. There is this rift…
- There is not much rift between us and the West on Libya. There is a lot of uncertainty and lack of understanding on how to put the country back together. It was broken like a piece of glass, and now we have to put back together all those small pieces which were scattered. We do not have major contradictions on Libya with our colleagues in the Security Council today. But we have been saying continuously and consistently that what happens in Libya is a result of the policies that they implemented in 2011 when they basically cheated on us in the Security Council and bombed the country and let it be destroyed. Not only Libya suffered in the aftermath but the whole region south of it. What happened in Sahel and many countries in western and central Africa is a product of the intervention in Libya. Those jihadists went down south from Libya. That is openly recognized by the African leaders themselves.
* What are the Russian military advisers and experts doing in Venezuela?
- We have an agreement on military cooperation. They went to serve what we procured for them before. They are military specialists that came for the service of equipment that we earlier provided to the Venezuelans.
* The international multilateral system is being seriously challenged. Are the United Nations and the Security Council still relevant today? Why?
- There is no alternative to the UN and its Security Council that is the main body responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It is relevant today as before. We cannot always find solutions in the Council (although on majority of issues we can). But that is not because the Security Council is ineffective or irrelevant, but because this inability reflects the divides that the world is facing. However, there is no alternative to this mechanism. We should learn again the art of compromise and account of mutual interests, somewhat forgotten today.
We should base our work on the UN Charter and international law. All should realize and accept that the world is not unipolar anymore. It is multipolar with new centers of power willing to be recognized, heard and respected. This understanding will help bring multilateralism back to the center of international cooperation.
* What is your expectation from the new US ambassador to the UN?
- I never met her. But we are ready to work with any US ambassador who will be appointed to the UN. I am sure we will be able to work together to solve issues of common concern.
* You had tough moments with Nikki Haley…
- Tough moments with Nikki Haley in the Security Council. But we had our sweet moments outside the Security Council (Laughter).

What next for Sudan?
Faisal J. Abbas/Arab News/April 12/19
Omar Al-Bashir has ruled Sudan for almost as long as I have been alive; yet throughout my 37 years I have heard nothing but criticism of the doom he has brought upon his country.
Almost every Sudanese expat I have met was the complete opposite of what Sudan has become under Al-Bashir. I met brilliant Sudanese doctors in North America, award-winning authors and journalists in London, and outstanding PR professionals in New Zealand.
Aside from the fact that they are all hard-working, extremely well educated and successful, the other thing they have in common is that they — or their families — all fled Sudan as a result of the 1985 overthrow of the Numairi regime, which was inspired by Islamist leader Hassan Al-Turabi, who for long was Al-Bashir’s religious backer. Al-Bashir eventually became president of Sudan in 1989, while the late Al-Turabi served as the “power behind the throne” until 2001 before the relationship between the two men broke down.
Sudanese expats living abroad would tell stories of how everything changed after Al-Turabi began injecting his extremist views into society and Al-Bashir endorsed them with an iron fist.
Civil rights were stripped away; Christians were prosecuted, criticism and free thinking were punished; and the country headed toward the inevitable: A long-lasting, brutal dictatorship.
This all meant that the Al-Bashir regime did not mind watching institution after institution fail. It oversaw Sudan’s becoming one of the poorest in the region, despite its abundant resources. Typically, Khartoum blamed this on the West, for imposing import sanctions, and failed to admit its own mistakes.
It is now up to the Sudanese people — both at home and abroad — to counter the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood.
The political misadventures of Al-Bashir regime are too many to list here, Darfour is an obvious example, playing host to Osama bin Laden was another (Al-Turabi and Al-Bashir provided that prior to the late Al-Qaeda chief’s move to Afghanistan.)
In a nutshell, the Muslim Brotherhood-backed Al-Bashir thrived on rifts and conflict, both regional and internal, so much so that what was one Sudan eventually became divided into two.
Furthermore, the country — which once proudly boasted that its people would rather buy books than eat if forced to choose — suffered from a massive and crippling brain drain.
Like those people I was lucky enough to meet abroad, the vast majority of educated, talented, entrepreneurial and free-thinking Sudanese people left their country and never went back.
As for those who stayed, they have been protesting since Dec. 19, 2018 against the unbearable economic conditions, corruption and political decisions that have left Sudan with very few friends around the world.
So what happens next? How do we prevent what happened in 1985 from happening again? To start with, one has to welcome the fact that the transition so far has been bloodless — as we hope it will remain.
The fact that the Sudanese army has such a strong hold on the situation is possibly both good and bad: Good because it is likely to ensure stability, but bad because unless it responds to the will of the people we might see another president remain in power for 30 years.
As for the devastating Muslim Brotherhood influence in the country, it is now up to the Sudanese people — both at home and abroad — to counter it.
• Faisal J. Abbas is the editor in chief of Arab News